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Box 2. Matrix permutation test results comparing matrices of dimes s between sites based on environmental data (E), fish data (F), chlronomid data (C), and benthie macroinvertebrate data (M). Comparison Number of Permutations Kendall-s Tau P-value M vs 8 10,000 -0.02 0.204 F va 8 10,000 0.17 0.019• C vs 8 10,000 -0.01 0.724 M vs F 10,000 0.13 0.001* M vs C 10,000 0.10 0.084 F va C 10,000 -0.12 0.753 Notes: •?• denotes a statistical) significant environmental data were based on scares an 6 varimcorrelation. ax--rot ted envitrotmentaltfactorsites s. for Distances between sites for fish data, for chironomid data, and for benthic macroinvertabrate data were based on presence/absence. Im- " I" uuduun =5 (Box j) ]plated that dissimilarity between sites was significantly correlated (P=0.019) when fish data and environmental data were compared and when fish data and benthic macroinvertebrate data were compared (P=0.001). In contrast, no significant association (P>0.1) was found between chironomid data and environmental data or between fish data, benthic macroinvertebrate data, and chironomid data. Thus, there was a comparable pattern in dissimilarity. between sites with respect to (1) environmental data and fish presence/absence data and (2) fish species and benthic macroinvertebrate taxa. Taxonomic Associations Chironomids Species associations for chironomids were obtained by cluster analysis on prmnce/absence data (Figure 12a). Three broad clusters were identified, two of which had a significant number of meaningful subdivisions. Cluster 1 was composed of widespread chironomid species. The species occurring at the most sites (15) was Cricotopus trifascia, followed by Orthocladius mallochi (12 sites) and Rheotanytarsus n.sp.1 (12 sites). Four chironomid species in cluster 1 were found at 10 sites, and the remainder of the species in cluster 1 were found at 5 to 9 sites. A second broad cluster is designated 2 on Figure 12a. Six subgroups occur with cluster 2 and these are labeled A-F (Figure 12a) and all of these subgroups shared species to some degree with the most diverse site in the upper Rio Grande drainage, i.e., the Chama River above the town of Chama. Recall that site had 76 species of chironomids. Group A represented chironomid species that occurred in the Chama River at the wildlife 31 14