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Introduction ...................................................................... 1 Methods .......................................................................... 2 Study area ............................................. Data Collection ........ Statistical Analyses ............................................ .................................. 2 Defining Ecoregions with Environmental Data ........................... Utility of Aquatic Ecoregions as Opposed to Hydrologic Units ............................ . .... 5 Site Similarity Based on Invertebrate Taxa (Chironomid and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Faunal Regions) ........................... Site Similarity Based on Fish Species (Fiat Faunal Regions) .................................. . Associations of Benthic Macsooinvertebrate Tara and Chironomid species ...................... 6 Fish Species Associations ..................................................... 7 Species-Environment Relations ................................................................ 7 Exploratory Analyses for IBI Development .................................................... 8 Results ........................................................................... 8 Aquatic Ecoregiom within the Upper Rio Grande Drainage of New Mexico ........................ 8 Box 1. Varimax-muted environmental factors for 31 sites in the upper Rio Grande drainage of New Mexico ...................................................................... 9 Utility of Aquatic F.coregions as Opposed to Hydrologic Units Cbironomid Faunal Regions Benthic Macroinvertebrate Faunal Regions .......................... Fish Faunal Regions ......................................................... .............. 13 Congruence between Ecoregioes and Faunal Regions ............................................. 13 Box 2. Matrix permutation test results comparing matrices of distances between sites based on environmental data, fish data, dgronomid data, and bentb c macroinvertebrate data ....................................................................... 14 Taxonomic Associations ................................................. Cbironomids ................................................................................. 14 Box 3. Distribution of chimnomid subfamilies for species associations 2 and 3 15 Benthic Macroinvertebrates .................................................................. 15 Fish .......................................................... Species-Environment Relations ................ Fish ......................................................................................... 17 Chironomids ................................................................................. 18 Benthic Macroinvertebrates .................................................................. 18 Preliminary IBI Statistics ......................................................................... 19 Discussion ....................................... • ....................... 1 ...... 20 Upper Rio Grande Aquatic Ecoregions ................................. Faunal Regions ................................................................................... 21 Similarity of Faunal Regions and Ecoregions ........................... ?S