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1 Pond Identification, Ownership, and Access CDOW initiated Nonnative Fish Control (NNFC) efforts in 1996 with the identification of ' ponds in the study area and determination of pond ownership. An inventory of ponds in the study area conducted by Mitchell (1995), though incomplete, provided a basis upon ' which additional ponds were identified. Once ownership was determined, private landowners were asked to voluntarily participate in the NNFC program, and were offered a monetary incentive to facilitate controlling nonnative fishes in their pond(s) via reclamation, screening, or water management. Monetary incentives consisted of paying ' $100/surface acre for access to ponds for fish sampling, and the same amount again for access for NNFC. A few landowners allowed access without receiving an access fee, while others requested copies of aerial photographs of their property in lieu of the monetary incentive. ' Cost Estimate to Control Nonnative Fish As a prelude to NNFC activities, the CDOW estimated the overall cost to control all ponds thought to be in the study area as of 1997. A matrix was developed that identified five control scenarios including: poisoning with rotenone and detoxifying with ' potassium permanganate (KMn04); pumping with three phase electricity available; pumping with the use of a gasoline generator where three phase electricity was not available; poisoning with chlorine after pumping without the availability of three phase electricity; and poisoning with chlorine without prior pumping (Martinez 1997). NNFC ' cost estimates were based on chemicals, supplies/equipment, and labor. Field Sampling and Nonnative Fish Control Activities Fish Sampling --- Fish were collected from ponds using trammel nets (1/2" inner & 6" outer mesh, 75' x 6', #104 twine; 1" inner & 8" outer mesh, 150' x 6', #104 twine; 1 1/2" inner & 12" outer mesh, 150'x 6', #139 twine; 2" inner & 16" outer mesh, 150' x 6', ' #139 twine), seines (40' long, 6' deep with 3/16" mesh; 6' x 6' x 4' bag with 1/8" mesh, #12 twine), and/or fyke nets (Large net = 1 st & 2nd rectangles with 3/4" conduit - 4' x 6', ' 1" square mesh; 5 hoops - fiberglass - 4' diameter; tapered throats on 1st and 3`d fiberglass hoops; 75' lead; #18 twine; tarred. Small nets = 1st rectangle -2' x 3' steel - 4