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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:35 PM
Creation date
5/18/2009 12:34:22 AM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
9420
Author
Maddux, H. R., J. A. Mizzi, S. J. Werdon and L. A. Fitzpatrick.
Title
Overview of the Proposed Critical Habitat for the Endangered and Threatened fishes of the Virgin River Basin.
USFW Year
1995.
USFW - Doc Type
Salt Lake City.
Copyright Material
NO
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Life History <br />Virgin River chub are most often associated with deep runs or pool habitats of slow to <br />moderate velocities, with some type of cover such as Large boulders, logs, overhanging <br />vegetation, or undercut banks (Cross 1978). Adults and juveniles are often associated <br />together within these habitats, however, the larger adults are most often collected in the <br />deeper pool habitats within the river. Hardy et al. (1989) indicated that Virgin River chub <br />less than 80 mm TL (3.2 in) are generally captured in depths greater than 0.18 m (0.6 ft) in <br />velocities between 0.08 to 0.15 m/s (0.25 to 1.6 ftlsec) over sand substrates in association <br />with large boulders or instream cover. Virgin River chub between 80 mm (3.2 in) and 140 <br />mm (5.5 in) TL are generally captured in depths greater than 0.30 m (1.0 ft) in velocities up <br />to 0.76 m/sec (2.5 ft/s) over sand substrates with boulders or instream cover. Virgin River <br />chub greater than 140 mm (5.5 in) TL are most often collected in depths greater than 0.61 to <br />0.91 m (2.0 to 3.0 ft) in velocities from 0 to 0.55 m/s (0 to 1.8 ft/s) with similar substrates <br />as the other size classes noted above. Schumann (1978) and Deacon et al. (1987) found that <br />the final adult thermal preferendum was approximately 24°C (75°F) and suggested the <br />species was more stenothermal than woundfin. <br />Limited information is available on habitat requirements of Virgin River chub in the Muddy <br />River. Cross (1976) stated that no specific habitat preferences were apparent, but that the <br />chub probably avoided shallow riffles similar to chub in the Virgin River. Adult chub <br />habitat in the Muddy River is likely deep runs and pools (Jun Heinrich, NDOW, pers. <br />comm. 1994). Historical habitat occupied by the chub is the middle Muddy River was <br />characterized by a firm clay bed with scattered rock riffles, high turbidity, no aquatic <br />vegetation, and temperatures and flaws generally decreasing downstream (Deacon and <br />Bradley 1972). The upper river and tributary springs systems are characterized by nearly <br />constant high temperatures (29-32°C, 85-90°F), low tuubidity, and relatively dense aquatic <br />vegetation. Substrates in these headwater habitats are primarily sand, gravel, and cobble <br />(USFWS 1983). <br />Virgin River chub are omnivorous, showing considerable dietary shifts with age. In general, <br />Virgin River chub feed on debris and chironomids in February; Cladophora and debris in <br />June; debris, Spyrogyra, and Cladophora in September; and unidentified drift animals, <br />dragonfly larvae, debris and Cladophora in December. Young fish [ < 70 mm (2.8 in) TL] <br />feed almost entirely on macroinvertebrates, while adults [ > 110 mm (4.3 in) TL] feed <br />almost exclusively on algae and debris (Greger and Deacon 1988). Cross (1975) reported <br />that up to 90 percent of the diet consisted of filamentous algae. <br />The reproductive biology of the Virgin River chub in the Muddy River has not been studied <br />and very little is known about the reproductive biology of the Virgin River population. <br />Hickman (1987b) reported ripe females and males in April, May, and June, but the time of <br />spawning has not been determined. He noted that good spawning years for Virgin River <br />chub coincided with good spawning years for woundfin. Virgin River chub are known to <br />successfully spawn in both ponds and the mainstem Virgin River (Utah Division of Wildlife <br />21 <br />
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