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hatchery fish are planted. These are the Middle Fork of Salmon, South Fork of Salmon, and Selway Rivers. Outplanting is also restricted in other areas. The marking of all hatchery steelhead has aided Idaho managers in evaluating hatchery programs and in documenting the status of wild steelhead. steelhead smolt-to-adult survival goals of 1 percent for hatchery fish and 2 percent for wild fish are being achieved. However, the numbers of wild fish are less than needed for natural habitat seeding. Spring chinook salmon runs (hatchery and wild stocks) are very depressed in Idaho. Hatchery supplementation, to date, has not succeeded in rebuilding natural runs. Managers are not getting close to their goal of returning 0.8 percent for hatchery fish. Right now most hatchery fish returns are nearer 0.2 percent or only 25 percent of the goal. California Background Anadromous salmonids native to California are chinook, coho, sockeye, pink, chum salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat trout. Historically, chinook salmon and steelhead runs were widespread and abundant throughout the state. Habitat degradation, dam construction, water .developments, watershed alteration, and overfishing contributed to the decline of salmonids throughout the state. Hatcheries were built to mitigate for these losses and are operated by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS). Eggs were obtained from various California and out-of--state .sources to reestablish or supplement dwindling stocks. The mixing of non-endemic stocks throughout California have likely altered the composition of distinct gene pools. Despite this, hatchery production efforts have either maintained or increased spawner escapements in many waters. Anadromous fish stocking in California is in a restoration phase. They are also in a harvest augmentation phase to .provide fish for commercial, sport, and tribal harvest. During .the past two decades, private groups have become involved in habitat restoration projects. Private propagation programs have- expanded, particularly in affected areas where state involvement was minimal or lacking. The federal and state management agencies, and private groups have all focused on the importance of restoring fall chinook salmon and winter steelhead. These two species are receiving the highest attention in both habitat rehabilitation and supplementation efforts. In coastal areas where coho runs prevailed historically, interest has increased in reestablishing these stocks. The distributions and abundance of sockeye, pink, and chum salmon are so limited that propagation efforts for these species has not been practical. 16