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-Chinook are one of the most difficult salmon species to supplement. A return rate, smolt or pre-smolt-to-adult, of 3-5 percent is considered good by most managers for this species. -Salmon species. with the shortest freshwater life cycle, e.g., chum and pink, have shown higher success from supplementation, than longer freshwater-cycle salmon. -Short-run stocks of salmon and steelhead have responded more positively to supplementation than longer-run stocks. -Wild/natural fish have consistently shown a much higher smolt-to-adult survival rate than hatchery fish. -Overstocking of hatchery fish may be a significant problem in many supplementation projects. -The use of wild broodstock by British Columbia has shown success in their Chinook and steelhead supplementation programs. -Both Alaska and British Columbia are having some success using streamside incubation boxes and subsequent outplanting of fry. Overall, we concluded that protection and nurturing of wild/natural runs needs to be a top management priority. There are no guarantees that hatchery supplementation can replace or consistently augment natural production.. For the Columbia River system, we concluded that all hatchery fish should be marked for visual identification. This will. not only permit a more precise harvest management, but also better broodstock management and supplementation evaluation. Currently only hatchery steelhead are marked to identify hatchery fish. We recommended that supplementation efforts in the Northwest be annually summarized. There are several supplementation projects where future information will be of great. benefit. All investigators are encouraged to evaluate the supplementation projects they are conducting and write up formal reports. We found a heavy bias toward not reporting negative or unsuccessful results. iv