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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:33 PM
Creation date
5/18/2009 12:23:50 AM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
8140
Author
May, B. E., J. D. Leppink and R. S. Wydoski.
Title
Distribution, Systematics and Biology of the Bonneville Cutthoat Trout,
USFW Year
1978.
Copyright Material
NO
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Bonneville Basin -_ ~~, - _ ~ ~t~:re includes alI cutthroat trout z s ~ ~ncf~ <br />species (Salmo cL ; ~ ~ ~ -, ~, _„~~ r,~ing distinguished by major +9ra;ix~ages <br />or geographical a ~-a~ f ~~e, ctxe name S. c. Utah has been used to ,iesignatc <br />those native trout found ir, tie ~'svnnevsile Basin. <br />Even more troul:~lesome than difference in nomenclature is the lack of unique <br />diagnostic characters upon whi<;h positive identification can be based (Behnke <br />1970; Behnke 1976a}. A review of museum specimens collected from the Salt <br />Lake and Utah Lake drainages (1872-1915) has provided certain taxonomic <br />differences upon which to base classification. Behnke stressed that these dif- <br />ferences are based on comparison of anticipated mean values of certa;.n charac- <br />ters. Furthermore, it was also stressed that much overlap occurs in many <br />taxonomic characters of interior forms of cutthroat trout. <br />Biochemical analysis, using electrophoreticpatteins has also proven to be of <br />little value in providing conclusive differences in several groups of cutthroat <br />and rainbow trout (Stalnaker et al. 1975; Wydoski et al. 1976). These workers <br />did locate an unusual variation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in samples of <br />Bonneville Basin cutthroat from the Deep Creek Mountains. This variation <br />suggested that some unique event(s) caused a variant allele to occur in cutthroat <br />trout of the Snake Valley area. Snake ~~alley cutthroat were also differentiated <br />from other Bonneville Basin cutthroat populations by having mare basibx-an- <br />chialteeth, alonger head, a deeper more compressed body and a longer dorsal fin <br />positioned more posteriorly (Hickman 1977). Hickman further discussed <br />taxonomy of existing Bonneville cattlxroat populations through use oFprincipal <br />component, discriminate, and Wilks and Lambda analyses. From examination <br />of 16 characters, 13ickman determined that basibranchial teeth, pyloric caeca, <br />scales in the lateral line series, cundal peduncle depth, and gillrakers provided <br />the best discriminating power i'or differentiating between cutthroat populati ens <br />(Table 3). <br />These findings indicated that cutthroat populations on the western boundary <br />of the basin were most divergent from populations located in the no;°theastern <br />area. In addition, there was considerably more overlap in populations from the <br />central and southern portions of the Bonneville Basin (Hickman 197'7). Graphi- <br />cal representation of Hickman's data provides a better comparison o1~ character <br />divergence in $onneville cutthroat populations (Figures 2 and 3). <br />To summarize the diagnostic characteristics for S. c. Utah, the following mean <br />values should be used for comparison: Vertebrae, 61-62; gillrakers, 18-20; <br />pyloric caeca, 30-40; scales above lateral line, 36-42; scales in lateral series, <br />155-179; and basibranchial teeth present in at least 90 percent of populations <br />(Behnke 1976a). The spotting pattern is also slightly different from other <br />subspecies of cutthroat trout; the spots are larger and fewer but more evenly <br />distributed over the entire body in S. c. utah. <br />BIOLO(aY AND LIFE HISTORY <br />Food Habits <br />Information on food habits of S. c. Utah is very limited. Buckley (1874) briefly <br />mentioned food found in cutthroat taken from the Weber River. All stomachs <br />examined by Buckley contained terrestrial insects such as wasps, beetles and <br />ants. Yarrow (1874) described food preferences of cutthroat trout in 1Jtah Lake. <br />Cutthroat in this large limnetic environment were very non-selective and <br />consumed both terrestrial and aquatic food items such as invertebrates, snakes, <br />frogs, and small fish. The piscivorous aspects of lake populations of Bonneville <br />cutthroat were particularly interesting. Yarrow (1874) stated, "The trout is <br />
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