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Susie Reilly. Susie Reilly accompanied P.T. on his Grand Canyon trips and was one of the first 12 women to go through Grand Canyon by boat. She kept a diary that was used in this work. Susie died in 2001. Bob Sharp. Sharp, a world-renowned geomorphologist from the California Institute of Technology, first ran the Colorado River through Grand Canyon in 1937 with the Carnegie - Cal Tech Expedition. During that trip, he met Buzz Holmstrom at Diamond Creek (mile 225.8-L). He loaned us his diary, his photographs, and a summary of the trip for our work. Hal Stephens. Stephens was the photographer for the U.S. Geological Survey expedition in 1968 that replicated photographs taken by the 1871-72 Powell Expedition. With Gene Shoemaker, Stephens reoccupied numerous camera stations that Jack Hillers established in 1872 in Grand Canyon and published his work (Stephens and Shoemaker, 1987). Stephens donated his photographs and negatives to our effort. Frank Wright. Frank Wright was a Nevills' boatman who purchased Mexican Hat Expeditions with his brother Jim after Nevills' death in 1949. He would not join the Old Timers' Trip owing to his perceived ideas of the changes in Grand Canyon that resulted from construction of Glen Canyon Dam. Other Interviews. In addition to the Old Timers, we had six guides with long experiences in Grand Canyon: Alistair Bleifuss, Ann Cassidy, Brad Dimock, Brian Dierker, Kenton Grua, and Lew Steiger. These guides provided key information on changes in the river during the 1970s and just before and during the 1983 flood. Diaries and Other Accounts ~ . Additional information was obtained from the diaries of historic river runners (Table 1). The exploits of these river runners are documented in Lavender (1985). The diaries of Norman D. Nevills and P.T. Reilly were made available as a result of the Old Timers Trip. The diaries of the 1923, U.S. Geological Survey expedition were obtained from the National Archives in College Park, Maryland. Other diaries -- including those of Frank Wright, Georgie White, and Otis "Dock" Marston -- were obtained from the Marston Collection at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Table 1). Many diaries from early river trips are published (Table 1). Bill Beer was interviewed in August 1994; he loaned us photographs and movies for our interpretations. After the trip, several participants sent notes and photographs for our use. Specific information on changes near Lee's Ferry are given in Reilly (1999). The combination of diaries, photographs, and direct observations of the Old Timers provide considerable information on pre-dam conditions between 1872 and 1963, particularly between 1938 and 1963. Repeat Photography We have replicated approximately 1,400 photographs of Grand Canyon and its tributaries during the course of this project. Photographs were obtained from numerous archives, most notably the National Archives, College Park, Maryland; the U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library, Denver, Colorado; the Huntington Library, San Marino, California; Special Collections at the Cline Library, Northern Arizona University; the Marriott Library at the University of Utah; the Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley; and private individuals. Examples of repeat photography in Grand Canyon appear in Turner and Karpiscak (1980), Stephens and Shoemaker (1987), Webb and others (1991), Webb (1996), Melis and others (1996), Melis (1997) and Webb and others (1999a; 1999b). Although our results here rely primarily on written and oral accounts of change, repeat photography is used to support or refute those observations. Interviews and Interpretation of Observations We listened and tried not to intentionally prompt the Old Timers. After an introduction to debris flows, types of sand bars, and the basic purpose of the trip, we simply recorded their responses to the canyon. We deliberately let many sites pass without discussing some obvious changes that have occurred since 1982. In several cases, places identified as critical camping beaches or habitat for endangered species were passed without comment by either the scientists or the Old Timers. We devised some simple tests of the veracity of the Old Timers' memories. For example, we asked whether Bedrock and Dubendorff Rapids had changed, SOURCES OF INFORMATION 5