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Fig. 1). Locations of specific sites are given in river miles (Webb and others, 2000; Melis and others, 1994), and the river side - left or right - by convention is in the downstream direction. For purposes of locations described in this report, Lee's Ferry (Fig. 1), is designated as river mile O. Discharges are reported in cubic feet per second (ft3/s) as reported for u.s. Geological Survey gaging stations. Acknowledgments We especially thank the Old Timers (listed below) for all their conversations, diaries, and help with this project. Logistical support for the Old Timers' Trip was provided by the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Program of the Bureau of Reclamation. We offer special thanks to Dave Wegner, formerly project manager of the GCES, for his staunch support of our work. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey; Northern Arizona University, Cline Library, Special Collections and Archives Department; Southwestern Foundation for Education and Historical Preservation; and the University of Utah Special Collections. The pre-trip reception was sponsored by the Cline Library of Northern Arizona University; funding was provided by The Grand Canyon Trust, Arizona Raft Adventures Red Lake Books, and Grand Canyon River Guides' Association. Lew Steiger and Jeff Robertson donated their time and provided the video cameras used to record oral histories on the trip. Richard Jackson and Kathy Lampros of Hance Partners, donated their photographic expertise to the trip. Videotape and film used during the trip was provided by the Cline Library and the U.S. Geological Survey, and the resulting tapes of interviews are stored at the Cline Library, Northern Arizona University. Brad Dimock generously provided the unpublished diaries of Haldane "Buzz" Holmstrom. Many people loaned their historical photographs of Grand Canyon, most notably Don Harris, P.T. Reilly, Gretchen Luepke, and Bob Euler. Other diaries were collected from private individuals; the Marston Collection, Huntington Library, San Marino, California; Special Collections, the Cline Library, Northern Arizona University; the Field Records Library, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado; and the National Archives, College Park, Maryland. We particularly thank all those interviewed for this work, especially the Old Timers. SOURCES OF INFORMATION The Old Timers The Old Timers on the September 1994 trip are discussed in the following brief biographies that show the qualifications of these individuals as observers of environmental change in Grand Canyon. John Cross 5r. After boating in Glen Canyon with Bert Loper, a well-known early river runner (Lavender, 1985), John Cross Sr. founded Cross Expeditions, an important river-running company. Much of his experience with Grand Canyon occurred during the first years after closure of Glen Canyon Dam. Most of his experience with the unregulated Colorado River occurred in Glen Canyon. John Cross II. John Cross II ran the Colorado River extensively in the 1960s. He has the distinction of being the first boatman to run the newly enlarged Crystal Rapid in March 1967, and he wrote extensive notes on the impacts of the December 1966 tributary floods on main channel resources. Lois Jotter Cutter. With Elzada Clover, Lois Jotter Cutter was the first woman to go completely through Grand Canyon in 1938 (Cook, 1987). She co- authored several publications on the plants of Grand Canyon (e.g., Clover and Jotter, 1944), and the 1994 trip was her second. She is one of the first 100 river runners through Grand Canyon. Kent Frost. After rowing boats for Norm Nevills in the late 1940s, Kent Frost worked with Mexican Hat Expeditions in the early to mid-1950s. He is one of the first 100 river runners through Grand Canyon. His photographs show the condition of riparian vegetation and sand bars in Grand Canyon. Les Jones. Les Jones was one of the first canoeists to traverse Grand Canyon, beginning in 1953. He made the first river guide to Grand Canyon (Jones, 1962) and ran a trip on extremely low water just after closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. His photographs show many important rapids at low water, and his scroll map documents historical river trips. SOURCES OF INFORMATION 3