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1. Care should be taken in considering management actions that preclude all other future <br />management options. <br />2. All actions should be consistent with the Program's "Good Neighbor Policy". <br />3. All lands and water will be acquired from willing sellers or lessors. <br />4. Each approach will acknowledge system constraints, including storage capacity and <br />water rights. <br />5. All land acquisition and management decisions will take into account the costs, the <br />relative benefit to the target species, and contribution toward fulfilling the Program's <br />obj ectives. <br />6. Program lands include Nebraska Public Power District's (NPPD) Cottonwood Ranch <br />(2,650 acres), lands acquired by the State of Wyoming (470 acres), any lands <br />acquired in the associated habitats by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation <br />using funds contributed prior to the Program as a result of ESA consultations, and <br />other lands available to the Program as determined by the Governance Committee. <br />7. Management of Program water will not cause flows above the flood stage as defined <br />by the National Weather Service. <br />8. The AMP does not preclude management or regulatory responsibilities of individual <br />parties involved in the Program. <br />II.B. Considerations for and Elements of a Comprehensive Scientific Program <br />Successful application of adaptive management requires the best scientific foundation possible. <br />Experiences from other restoration programs provide good lessons that can be applied in the <br />context of the Program. A solid scientific foundation typically consists of a blend of monitoring <br />(e.g., baseline data and long-term trend detection), experimental research (e.g., to determine <br />cause-and-effect relationships), simulation modeling (e.g., to provide a tool to design <br />experiments and test scientific understanding), and independent peer review. <br />With respect to monitoring and research, it is important to note that good experimental design <br />generally includes 1) random allocation of treatments (including controls) to experimental units, <br />and 2) replication of treatments across multiple experimental units. Ideally, all potential <br />confounding variables are controlled directly through the design (e.g., held constant except the <br />one under investigation), adjusted for in the statistical analysis, or removed through <br />randomization. In general, scientific experiments can be conducted in the field, at a small scale <br />in a model of field conditions (mesocosm), and in the laboratory (microcosm). All three <br />approaches have inherent strengths and weaknesses which can be suinmarized as follows: field - <br />most realism, but least experimental control; microcosm - least realism, but most experimental <br />control; and mesocosm - intermediate to the other two. All three approaches may be used to test <br />hypotheses during the Program as dictated by hypotheses and best available science. <br />The following should be considered when developing and implementing adaptive management <br />actions and investigations: <br />Program treatments (land acquisitions and water deliveries) will not be applied in a <br />random manner or with replication, so an experimental approach at the System and <br />Program scale utilizing controls and replications will not be possible. Manipulative <br />September 1, 2006 Adaptive Management Plan 12