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<br />the total precipitation depths in the study-area subbasins. Those <br />areas east of the fpothi11s receive more precipitation (a few <br />tenths of an inch per event) than the areas adjacent to the <br />foothills. The occurrence of precipitation varies; however, most <br />of the rainfall occurs during May. Thunderstorms also occur <br />irregularly throughout the summer months. The temperature <br />extremes in Boulder are evidenced by mean maximums ranging from <br />46.3oF in January to 88.3oF in July, and by mean minimums ranging <br />from 21.60F in January to 6l.00F in July. <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />2.3 Principal Flood Problems <br /> <br />? <br /> <br />The principal cause of flooding problems on the study streams is <br />intense localized thunderstorms. Because the headwaters of these <br />streams are below 9,000 feet, snowmelt does not influence the peak <br />discharges. <br /> <br />Numerous floods have occurred in the Boulder area, with the most <br />extensive flood occurring in 1894. This flood has been generally <br />designated as the 100-year flood; however, there is little <br />documentation of the flooding on streams other than Boulder Creek. <br />Flooding was widespread during the 1894 flood, and nearly all <br />bridges in the city were washed out. <br /> <br />The most extensive flood since 1894 occurred on May 7 and 8, 1969. <br />This flood was also the most expensive, with damages estimated to <br />be $325,000. Bear Canyon, Skunk, and Twomile Creeks all <br />overflowed their banks according to newspaper accounts. On May 8, <br />1969, the Boulder Daily Camera reported that "motorists were still <br />being routed around the intersection of Table Mesa Drive and <br />Broadway, where Bear Creek raged out of its banks, flooding the <br />ent i re area Wednesday." (See Figures 2 and 3 for photographs of <br />flooding on Bear Creek.) <br /> <br />Twomile Creek has frequently overtopped its banks with silt-laden <br />floodwater. The worst flood on Twomile Creek occurred in <br />September 1933, whi le others occurred in 1909, 1941, 1942, 1949, <br />and 1965. On August 19, 1965, the Boulder Daily Camera headline <br />read: "Twomile Canyon Gully Washer Spews Mud Across Broadway and <br />Into Yards." The article stated that "Water cascading down <br />normally-dry Twomile Creek spewed mud across sections of Broadway <br />and silted yards and basements of 8 or 10 homes near Broadway and <br />Iris Avenue Wednesday afternoon." <br /> <br />.:- <br /> <br />c; <br /> <br />Fourmile Canyon Creek has flooded occasionally, with notable <br />events occurring 1n 1916, 1941, and 1951. In 1916 and 1941, <br />ra it road bridges were washed out (Reference 4). Localized <br />flood ing a long the lower reaches of Fourmile Canyon Creek occurs <br />frequently, according to local residents. (See Figures 4 and 5 <br />fo[" photographs of flooding on Fourmile Canyon Creek.) Damages <br /> <br />6 <br />