WMOD00595

• Title: Lake Oroville Runoff Enhancement Project - Final Report
• Date: 9/1/1995
• Weather Modification - Doc Type: Report

CONTENTS

Page

Forew'ord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ill

Glossary and acronyms ....................................................... IV
Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xi

1. Introduction.............................................................. 1

2. Operation of ground-based equipment .......................................... 4
2.1 sIountaintop weather stations ............................................. 4
2.2 Propane dispensers ..................................................... i
2.3 Ra"insonde observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Precipitation gauge network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 10
2.5 SFo tracer operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5.1 Remote SF" release .............................................. 14
2.5.2 SF., analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
2.5.3 SF" sequential samplers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
2.6 Radiometer measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
2.7 Radar vdnd profiler .................................................... 17
2.8 Ground microphysics sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
3. Research aircraft operations ................................................ 20
4. Seeding operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5. Discussion of mountaintop icing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6. Application of a radar "ind profiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
7. Statistical analysis of randomized seeding . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8. The effects of mountain lee waves on the transport of liquid propane generated ice crystals . 48
8.1 Introduction to lee wave effects study ...................................... 48
8.2 Ra"insonde obsen;ations of mountain lee waves .............................. 48
8.3 Aircraft tracer studies .................................................. 54
8.3.1 Experimental procedures .......................................... 54
8.3.2 Plume analyses ................................................. 54
8.3.2.1 Valley track plume intersections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
8.3.2.2 Ridge track plume intersections ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8.3.2.3 Dowm..ind plume intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
8.4 Seeding studies and targeting model verification .............................. 65
8.4.1 February 17, 1993, seeding studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
8.4.2 GLIDE model plume and crystal trajectory simulations for February 17. 1993 .. 74
8.5 Summary of lee wave effects study results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9. Summary and conclusions .................................................. 81
10. Bibliography ............................................................ 83

TABLES

Table

2.1 Mountaintop weather stations ............................................. 4
2.2 Propane dispenser site locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Precipitation gauge locations ............................................. 11
2.4 Syringe sampler locations ............................................... 14
4.1 Seeding log from November 8, 1993, to March 1, 1994 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1 :\1t. Hough icing data for 1993-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2 Red Hill icing data for 1993-94 ........................................... 28
8.1 SFt; experiments conducted during early 1993 ................................ 56
8.2 SF" plume characteristics from site d7 observed by aircraft for valley track . . . . . . . . . . 57
8.3 Site d9 plume characteristics observed by aircraft for valley track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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