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<br />the post-sQuall-line anvil region was responsible for the stratiform <br />component of rain. <br /> <br />Analyses of aircraft data obtained in convective bands during <br />GATE showed typical active ~ature cumulonimbus towers that were 10 km <br />wide which had updraft cores of 3 to 5 m/s and downdraft of 2 to <br />3 mls that are much weaker than those found in continental cumulo- <br />nimbus (Zipser and ~eMone, 1980). <br /> <br />Mesoscale analyses in the Thunderstorm Project and many subse- <br />quent experiments were reviewed by Fujita (1963), who clearly showed <br />the important roles played by mesoscale lows and highs, downdrafts, <br />surface convergence fields, mesoscale cold fronts and the interaction <br />between the precipitation and cloud dynamics in convective storms. <br />These detailed man~al analyses showed that frequent mesoscale surface <br />and upper-air observations are required to detect many of the impcr- <br />tant features which initiate and control convective cell development. <br />Saucier and Sasaki noted in 1963 that automated objective analysis <br />was needed for mesoscale systems. They also suggested the importance <br />of mesoscale jet stream dynamics in triggering thunderstor~s. The <br />laborious, time-consuming, subjective manual analysis requires much <br />time and is impractical for routine operational analysis of many <br />cases by different scientists. Therefore, there is a ~eal need for <br />automated mesoscale analyses and numerical ~odeling. <br /> <br />1.4.2 Numerical ~odeling Studies <br /> <br />Numerical simulations of mesoscale convective systems have <br />focused on cumulus and cumuloni~bus Meso-Y and meso-~ scale analyses <br /> <br />20 <br />