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<br />A detailed scientific operations plan was developed for Morocc{) and used to guide <br />meteorological and technical personnel in the daily conduct of operations. Seeding operations <br />began in Xm'ember 1984 and continued through May 1985. The same operational season <br />applied in subsequent field seasons through May 1989. As previously noted, after the spring <br />of 1986. aerial cloud seeding was ac.complished by King Air aircraft operated from Kenitra. <br /> <br />Cloud seeding efficiency was less than desired for the first 2.5 years, when all seeding was <br />conducted by aircraft and field personnel were still receiving basic training. Seeding efficiency <br />increased substantially, from less than 15 to more than 70 percent, after ground-based silver <br />iodide generators were installed in January 1987 to provide more continuous seeding. <br /> <br />Field operations conducted from 1984 to 1989 resulted in the seeding of 15 to 25 storm events <br />during each season. with a total of 144 seeded days during the 5 years. Weather forecasts were <br />prepared for each day from November through April of each season. Radar surveillance was <br />maintained throughout all storms affecting the area except when equipment failed. <br /> <br />During 1985. a specially instrumented jet aircraft from the University of North Dakota was <br />operated in ylorocco to collect cloud physics data pertaining to the seedability of winter clouds. <br />Beginning in 1987, the project's specially instrumented King Air c{)llected detailed data on <br />cases considered important to physical studies. Analyses of these data have helped in <br />developing and refining seeding strategies and procedures. <br /> <br />2. Transfer of technology. - The technology transfer process was the most important aspect <br />of the project. The process involved the training of personnel, acquisition of vital equipment, <br />and the conduct of a demonstration cloud seeding program. Three phases of training were <br />employed \vith Moroccan scientists and technicians to provide a solid foundation for them to <br />fully conduct the project. The training consisted of (a) informal on-the-job training, (b) formal <br />seminars and lectures which presented the theoretical basis of weather modification and cloud <br />physics principles, and (c) joint collaborative studies which reinforced previous material and <br />dealt in depth with scientific information on Moroccan clouds and weather, cloud seeding <br />strategies. and improved evaluation of seeding results. <br /> <br />On-the-job training of electronics technicians and engineers was particularly emphasized in <br />their training. Scientists from the United States presented courses and seminars in Morocco, <br />and ~loroccan scientists and engineers visited the United States where various training and <br />collaborative studies were conducted. Over 50 scientists received direct training from <br />20 American experts. Over 30 student-months of formal seminar training were received in <br />Morocco by meteorologists, technicians, and engineers. In addition, four scientists completed <br />their Master of Science degrees in the Vnited States. Two other students were funded under <br />the CSAID sector support training project and completed theses on topics related to the <br />project. ~ine electronics technicians spent more than 23 person-months training in the United <br />States. Eight operational and four research meteorologists spent more than 25 person-months <br />conducting studies and learning about American scientific techniques on American projects <br />in the l.:nited States. These scientists and engineers returned to Morocco to implement their <br />new knowledge on project operations and scientific and evaluation studies. <br /> <br />Vll <br />