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<br /> <br />7~090("..ijI) <br />nun,." o~ R.~I.m.Unn <br /> <br />TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE <br /> <br />0. REPORT ~O. r' GO"'!."N"(~T ACCJS&lOM NO. ~....~ , RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO. <br />con." <br />. TITLE AND SUBTITLE . "SPORT DATE <br /> PROGRAMME AL GHAIT . MOROCCO WINTER eptember 1989 <br /> SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION PROJECT . . PER'"OR"'ING ORGANIlATlON CODE <br /> A COOPERATIVE PROJECT BETWEEN THE 0.3720 <br /> KINGDOM OF MOROCCO AND THE UNITED STATES <br />,. AUTHORIS) . PERFOIl"'ING OIlGANIIATlON <br /> REPORT NO. <br /> D. A. Matthews, A. S. Dennis, C. L. H~~ell. J. G. Medina, <br /> P. Goorlan, R. W. Chenev, K. D. Shu er, C. L Borda R-89.14 <br />. PUIl'OR"'ING ORGANIIATION NA"'E "'NO "'OOIlE55 " 1I0R": UNIT _0. <br /> Bureau of Reclamation ". CONTRACT 011 GIlANT _0 <br /> Denver Office IMA-Q190.P.IW.4093-DO <br /> Denver CO 80225 " TYPE OF CUPORT "'NO PERIOD <br /> COVEIlED <br />,<. SPONSORING AGENCV ~AIoIE ANO AOORESS <br /> U.S. Agency for International Development <br /> Washington, D.C. " SPONSORING "'GENCY CODE <br /> DIBR <br />U. 5UPPLEIoIEOIT...RY NOTES <br /> Microfiche and hard copy available at the Denver Office, Denver, Colorado. <br />" ...eSTFlACT From 1984 to 1989 the Govemments of Mofoeco and the United Slates COOp4.!/aled In Programme <br /> AI Gha.!, . $12,000.000 Pfoject 10 investigate the leasjbihty of augmenting wate/ luppliell in Morocco through weathel <br /> modification. A demonSlfation p/ojecl Wall set up in the upper Dum er Rbia basin, which is on the northweste," lide 01 <br /> the untlal High Atlas Mountains. Promising cloud formations were Ifeated with sllve/Iodide released Irom eirClaft and, <br /> beginning In !987,from a network 01 ground.based genelalOfs. Oouds we/e seeded on 144 days over the Itve winlel' <br /> 01 optlrations_ AA e~tenslve eHort wenl Into developing Ihe required inlrasl/ucIUla, providing modern equipment, and <br /> uainirg over 100 Moroccan pelsonnello eonduCl and eVllluate Ihe Pfoject. The ploject p'oYided Morocco With It I lifsl <br /> weather radar and itsli/st airborne sy1.tem lor collection 01 cloud phy1.ies data. New lawinsonde slationl were established <br /> at Benl Mellal and Tlssa 10 obtain upper all dala every 12 hours. A satellile ground /8Cililling stalion and an image <br /> plOC4lssing lySlem were p/ovided to monitor cloud.. E.tenslve communications and microcomputing 'y1.1em. were <br /> provloed 10 Iransmit and analyze seienlllic data Airllow and precipitation models were edapled to Morocco 10 guide <br /> operational deci.ions. Scientific studies by Reclamation and ilS contractors and Merocean scientists concentrated on the <br /> seedability 01 clouds over the Atlas Mountains and statislical methods 01 ....aluating eHects 01 cloud ieeding Seedable <br /> conditions, as Indicated by lhe presence 01 supercooled liquid walel in clouds at concentralions up to 0.7 g!m3 al <br /> lemperaluresdown to .12 .C, were found 10 occur on 15to30daY' per winte/. The ....aluation studie., which _re based <br /> on a targel<onlfOI design using streamflow as thtl re.ponse variable, IndiealeO thaI 6 years 01 ...perimentation would be <br /> required to p/ovide a 5Q.percenl Pfobability 01 detecting. lo-perunl increase In .treamflow due 10 seeding. The potenlial <br /> ellects of augmented alfeamflow upon the ope/alion 01 the Dum el Rbia River and upon lhe local and national economy <br /> were studied with Ihe aid 01 computer models This leport cover. the pfOject design, the contributions of Ihe two <br /> Governments involved, the development of Moroccan Instilutlons to handle such a eomplell program, lhe technology <br /> tfansler and scientific sludies accomplished, and the IlSults 01 the stleamflow and economic analyses using model. A <br /> section on problems encountered af'ld lessons learned is included tOf the benellt 01 other persons or agencies <br /> conlemplaling large, comple. proJecl.lnvo....ing mOfe than one national government. <br />" KEY WOROS "'~D OOCUIoIEHT ANALYSIS <br />,. OESCR IPTORS.. weather modilicalionj cloud seeding! Pfecipitalion augmentation/ precIpitation enh3ncement! <br /> artilicial leeding! cloud physicsj orographic cloudsj supercooled liquid water! cloud liqljid waler!liquid waler tontentj <br /> ice crystals!.nOw! Pfecipilation/lransport and diffusion! cfoucls!ailflow modeling! precipitation modeling! snow cover <br /> runoH modelingj economic sludies! hydrOlogiC modeling! benelit-to-COSI ratiOsj salellite oblervahons/LANOSAT! NOAA <br /> AVHAA! radar e<:hoesj droughl relief! water lesources managemenl/ MRPP/ double Illia! statistical evaluatiOnj target- <br /> control Mea/leChnology Ilansler <br />b. IDENTIFIERS.. Moloccoj Alias Mountains! Khouribga! CAsablancaj Alilal/ Beni Mellal! Bin El Quidana! Due(! <br /> Dum ef Rbia basinj Northwest Africa <br />,. 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