Laserfiche WebLink
<br />JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AND APPLIED METEOROLOGY <br /> <br />VOLUME 22 <br /> <br />1882 <br /> -20 <br /> -15 <br /> -'0 <br />U <br />... <br />... <br />0: <br />:> <br />~ <br />i5 <br />.. <br />,. <br />... <br />I- <br /> 10 <br /> 15 150 <br /> a <br /> <br />J\ j <br />,~ <br /> <br /> <br />L <br /> <br />L <br /> <br /> <br />.".....------, <br />,-', ;'//-~ ) <br />/ ---~ I <br />I ,', I <br />/:/'H7 ~;Rl 1\ <br />~ <br /> <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />100 <br /> <br />50 <br /> <br />DISTANCE WEST OF SIERRA NEVADA CREST (11m) <br /> <br />'20 <br /> <br /> <br />'0 <br /> <br />'5 <br /> <br />150 <br /> <br />'00 <br /> <br />50 <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />b <br /> <br />DISTANCE WEST OF SIERRA NEVADA CREST 111m) <br /> <br /> -20 i\;jJ <br /> J <br /> . H t I <br /> -J5 ~"_/ / <br /> " <br /> " r" <br /> t , <br /> \ , <br /> -10 ',-) <br />U <br />... <br />... <br />!i <br />~ <br />0: <br />~ 0 <br />,. <br />... <br />I- <br /> 10 <br /> I!l 150 100 50 <br /> C <br /> <br /> <br />o <br />DISTANCE WES1 OF SIERRA NEVADA CREST (11m) <br /> <br />FIG. 8. (a) Distribution ofLWC >0.1 g m-3 shown in cross section <br />as a relative frequency of in cloud observations tabulated for 10 km <br />by 50C grids for area-wide echo types. Cloud markings indicate an <br />area within which 100 in <:loud observations were made; (b) same <br />as (a) except ICC < 5 L-I shown; (c) same as (a) except LWC/ICC <br />> 10 /lg per crystal shown. <br /> <br />the relative frequencies were greater near the freezing <br />level and there was a dramatic decrease with lower <br />temperatures. The relative frequency ofICC < 5 L-( <br />was a maximum near the freezing level. Frequencies <br />decreased, ICC increased, closer to the crest and with <br />lower temperatures (Fig. 8b). Measurements of LWC/ <br /> <br />ICC > 10 J.Lg per crystal were rarely observed in the <br />area-wide combination. More substantial relative fre- <br />quencies (>0.5) occurred in pockets near the freezing <br />level 40 to 120 km upwind of the Sierra barrier (see <br />Fig. 8c). <br />Figures 9a-c show the cloud microphysics cross sec- <br />tions for banded echo types. Greater relative frequen- <br /> <br />-50 <br /> <br />u <br />... <br />~ -~ <br />0: <br />~ 0 <br />::I <br />... <br />I- <br /> <br />'50 <br /> <br />u <br />... <br />! -5 <br />~ <br />0: <br />~ 0 <br />::I <br />... <br />I- <br /> <br />-50 <br /> <br />u <br />... <br />"! -~ <br />'~ <br />0: <br />~ 0 <br />a <br />I- <br /> <br />-20 <br /> <br /> <br />I <br />~i <br /> <br />-I!l <br /> <br />-to <br /> <br />10 <br /> <br />III <br />a <br /> <br />150 <br /> <br />o <br />DISTANCE WEST OF SIERRA NEVADA CREST (11m) <br /> <br />-50 <br /> <br />-20 <br /> <br /> <br />"5 <br /> <br />-10 <br /> <br />10 <br /> <br />15 <br /> <br />150 <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />'50 <br /> <br />b <br /> <br />DISTANCE WEST OF SIERRA NEVADA CREST (km) <br /> <br />-20 <br /> <br />"'5 <br /> <br /> <br />-10 <br /> <br />10 <br /> <br />15 <br /> <br />150 <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />-50 <br /> <br />c <br /> <br />DISTANCE WEST OF SIERRA NEVADA CREST (km) <br /> <br />FIG. 9. (a) As in Fig. 8a, but for banded echo types; (b) same as <br />(a) except ICC < 5 L-1 shown; (c) same as (a) except LWC/ICC <br />> 10 JLg per crystal shown. <br />