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,. ~_.........-.~...-...,.--. --.---... ......_..,...."..'.... .--.--,.--- -"-.-.. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2.5.1.4 Cooperative Studies During Year One, SNOWATER personnel and equipment would participate in snow augmentation field programs conducted in the western United States. SNOWATER staff would benefit through galnlng "hands-on" experience by participating in established snow augmentation field programs. In return, personnel from these programs would be encouraged to take part and contribute to SNOWATER. Through such mutual cooperation and exchange, progress towards meeting project objectives would be accelerated. 2.5.1.5 Airflow, Transport And Diffusion Studies In order to address the important problem of plume spreading, limited seeding tests involving tracer materials and detectors would be carried out in the Year One winter field program. Logistics requirements limit the scope of transport and diffusion studies in the first year. Nevertheless, they are critical to proper positioning of generators and aircraft. Communication with the Ministry of Transport would be initiated during this activity with a view to developing control procedures for multi-aircraft flights over mountainous terrain. 2.5.2 YEAR TWO - PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SEEDING TRIALS During Year Two ground-based and trials would be seeding. controlled seeding trials would be conducted using airborne seeding devices. The objective of these to document the microphysical effects of cloud These experiments would emphasize the development of the Seeding Opportunity Recognition System involving the identification of clouds as opportune seeding candidates. It is expected that decisions to seed would be based on the presence of cloud supercooled liquid water in the vicinity of the target barrier. These decisions would require measurements by the microwave radiometer and Ka-band Dopplerized radar. 2.5.2.1 Radiometer/Radar Measurements The presence.. of supercooled water for seeding operations would be monitored because it is the supercooled water zones that must be treated with the seeding material. Knowledge of the existence and location of the supercooled water would permit a timely response by the appropriate seeding method, be it ground-based or airborne releases. A microwave radiometer and Ka-band Doppler radar would be used to monitor supercooled water in cloud layers. In past programs monitoring of supercooled water was usually limited to aircraft observations. For aviation safety, such monitoring flights were confined to regions 600 meters (2000 feet) or more above the highest terrain. Recent observations in Colorado (Rauber and Grant, 1986) have shown supercooled water tends to be concentrated in 2-11 .