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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:40:58 PM
Creation date
4/24/2008 2:56:43 PM
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Weather Modification
Title
A Report on Winter Snowpack-Augmentation
Date
11/11/1988
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />1296 <br /> <br />SEEDED CRYSTAL GROWTH RATES <br />VS. RYAN (1976) <br /> <br />2.0 <br /> <br />. scpp <br />l8> Bridger <br />. CRADP <br /> <br />Ul <br />w <br />!i <br />a:: <br />:J: <br />I-~ <br />~~ <br />a::~ <br />Cl 1.0 <br />...J <br />c( <br />>< <br />c( <br /> <br /> <br />. <br />(3) <br /> <br />00 <br /> <br />-6 <br /> <br />-14 -16 -18 -20 <br /> <br />-2 <br /> <br />-4 <br /> <br />FIG. 9. Actual observed particle growth rates in seeded plumes <br />versus the laboratory results of Ryan et aL (1976). <br /> <br /> 5 <br /> 4 <br />e- <br />o. 3 -7OC <br />I- <br />::c <br />c::J <br />Li:i 2 o oC <br />::c <br /> 1 <br /> 0 <br /> -80 -60 -40 ..20 0 20 <br /> X (km) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />FIG. 10. LWC (g . m -3) distribution in a stratiform-orographic cloud <br />used in growth rate calculations. Crest of barrier located at 0 km (from <br />Prasad et aL 1988). <br /> <br /> <br />Do = 25J.o'm <br />Xo -60 km <br /> <br />Us = 0.1 <br /> <br /> 6 <br /> 5 U <br />E -15.1 ~ <br />.:t:. 4 -11.5 <br /> w <br /> -9.2 a:: <br />f- A ::) <br />J: 3 -6.6 f- <br />(!) -4.3 <{ <br /> a:: <br />w w <br />J: 2 -1.8 CL <br /> 1.7 ~ <br /> 4.8 w <br /> f- <br /> 7.1 <br /> 0 <br /> 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 <br /> <br />TIME (min) <br /> <br />FIG. II. Maximum particle dimension as a function of time for <br />particles released from various temperature levels 60 km upwind of <br />crest using a LWC distribution shown in figure 10. Particles initiated <br />according to their starting temperature. "A" indicates transition to <br />spherical particle (from Prasad et aL 1988). <br /> <br />...:..wJi...L <br /> <br />Vol. 69, No.1 1, November 1988 <br /> <br /> <br /> 2.4 <br /> 2,2 Do = 25}"m <br /> 2.0 Xo = - 60 km <br />'.. <br />.5 1.8 <br />>- 1.6 <br />l- <br />e::; 1.4 <br />0 <br />...J <br />w 1.2 <br />> <br />...J 1.0 <br />c( <br />~ 0,8 <br />:;; <br />0: 0,6 <br />w <br />I- <br /> <br /> <br />60 <br /> <br />TIME {minl <br /> <br />FIG. 12. Terminal velocity as a function of time for particles re- <br />leased from various temperature levels 60 km upwind of the crest (from <br />Prasad et aL 1988). <br /> <br />() ,~ooo <br />0 <br />W 1800 <br />a:: <br />:;:) <br />!;( 1600 <br />a:: E <br />w ..:!- 1600 <br />0. <br />:E z: <br />w 0 1200 <br />l- ii) <br /> z: <br /> w <br /> :;; 1000 <br /> 0 <br /> ~ 800 <br /> ::J <br /> :;; <br /> X <br /> <t <br /> :;; <br /> <br /> <br />-/5 <br /> <br /> <br />Do = 25}"m <br />Xo = -60 km <br /> <br />40 <br /> <br />50 <br /> <br />60 <br /> <br />TIME (minI <br /> <br />FIG. 13. Particle trajectories as a function of time for particles orig- <br />inating from various temperature levels initiated 60 km upwind of the <br />crest (from Prasad et aL 1988). <br /> <br />consistent with SCPP observations of seeded parcels at the <br />ground (Deshler et aI. 1988). Figure 12 shows that it is the <br />smallt:r, compact rimed crystals that fall most rapidly. Figure <br />13 shows that is is the smaller, compact crystals, initiated lower <br />in the cloud at lower windspeeds, that have the advantage of <br />falling out sooner, within 30-40 min, thus affecting the snow- <br />pack higher on the windward side of the barrier as desired. <br />The magnitude of the seeding-induced precipitation increases <br />directly measured at the ground are summarized in table 2. The <br />method of seeding and seeding material is given. Note the rather <br />consistent precipitation rate increases for all aerial seeding stud- <br />ies performed. The average precipitation rate increase is be- <br />tween 0.2 and 0.6 mm . h - '. This is induced by the 10 to <br />sometimes 25 L - 1 increase in particle concentration above the <br />natural background concentration. Because of small dispersion <br />rates, seeding effects at the surface usually last for only 5-10 <br />
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