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<br />TABLES <br /> <br />Table Page <br /> <br />1 Basic parameters for the California gages and the NEXRAD radar beam above each ........ 5 <br />2 Data used in the derivation of a range correction for the Minneapolis NEXRAD radar. . . . . .. 8 <br />3 Left: The numbers of simultaneous daily radar and surface measurements of SD for the <br />various radars from November 1998 through February 1999 for three intensity thresholds. <br />Right: The SANSD ratios and square of the correlation coefficient (R2) for ratios vs range <br /> <br />for SD;:::1.0 inch ............................................................ 10 <br /> <br />FIGURES <br /> <br />Figure Page <br /> <br />1 Vertical profiles of reflectivity during a shallow snowstorm in arctic air .................. 4 <br />2 A nearly linear relation exists between the logarithms of alpha and ground clearance <br /> <br />of the radar beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 <br /> <br />3 Plots of individual relations for the variation of alpha with range. The thick curved <br />line is the VPR range correction used for the 1998-1999 season for the northern <br /> <br />plains states ................................................................ 7 <br /> <br />4 A linear relation is assumed for the vertical gradient of S for the first five tilts at the <br /> <br />35 km range ................................................................ 9 <br /> <br />5 A plot of the correction factor with range, based on the vertical gradient of S .............. 9 <br />6a The SANSD ratio for KBIS is mostly within a factor of 2 of equivalence, with no <br />obvious range bias ................................................ . . . . . . . . .. 11 <br />6b The SANSD ratio for KABR shows much noise and little if any range bias .............. 11 <br />6c Most surface data for KMVX are at remote ranges and show a possible offset of the <br /> <br />ratio from unity ............................................................ 11 <br /> <br />6d Most data for KMPX are within a factor of 3 of unity with no obvious range bias . . . . . . . . .. 11 <br />6e The light precipitation data are offset from unity in the opposite direction from the <br />few heavier data for KDLH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 <br />7a Vertical profiles for 10 November 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 <br />7b Vertical profiles for 11 November 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 <br />7c Vertical profiles for 16 November 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 <br />7d Vertical profiles for 18 November 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 <br />7e Vertical profiles for 19 November 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 <br />8 Virga creates a donut pattern around the radar in the SAA products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 <br /> <br />vi <br />