WMOD00544

• Project Name: Project Skywater
• Title: Project Skywater - An Introduction to Rivers in the Sky
• Date: 12/1/1973
• Weather Modification - Doc Type: Report

USBR STEADY STATE CONVECTION MODEL PROGRAM
AMAOO 09/05/73

RADIUS C/S CLOUD TOP RAINFALL MA:>=: SEEI'AB I L ny
I PRESS. TEMP. HEIGHT MSL PER CLOUII UPDR TOP HEIGHT RAIN
i (KM) (MB) (C) (1(1'1 ) O(FT) (MM) (INCH) (M,-'S) (KM)(KFT) (IN)
I~ OBSERVED OR HAND CALCULATED CLOUD BASE
I
0.50 NAT 570. -1.6 4.:3 15.7 0.0'5 0.002 6.0
I MOD 570. -1.6 4 ,=> 15.7 0.05 0.002 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.000
.v
~\
I 1. 00 NAT 3:30. -22.8 8.1 26.4 5.1::: 0.204 14.0
MOD 310. -:33.6 9.6 31.1 :3.67 0.342' 15.7 1.5 4.:3 O. 1:38
1.50 NAT 250. -40 . '3 10. '3 35.,3 13 .21 0.520 21.0
MOD 220. -47.2 11.7 38.1 14.9,3 0.588 23.7 0.9 2.8 0.068
2.00 NAT 210. -49.5 12.0 39.1 17.17 0.676 25.7
MOD 180. -55.6 13.0 42.3 1'3.12 0.753 :30.9 1.0 ~ .-, 0.077
.~ ..,:.
2.50 NAT 180. -55.6 1:3.0 4'=> ':' 20.51 0.807 31.3
&;;;;, . "-'
MOD 160. -59.7 13.8 44.7 21 .5~, 0.849 37.5 0.7 2.4 0.041
:3.00 NAT 170. -57.5 13.4 . 4::::.5 22.08 0.86'3 35.3
MOD 140. -6:3.:3 14.6 47.4 24.21 0.953 41.E, 1 ';:. 4.0 o . 0:34
....
3.50 NAT 150. -61.'3 14.2 46.1 24.54 o . '366 38.7
MOD 1:30. -.::.4 .8 15.0 48.'3 25.75 1.014 44.9 0.9 2.':;' 0.047
4.00 NAT 150. -61 .9 14.2 46.1 24.'39 0.984 41.0
MOD 120. -66.4 15.5 50.5 ,27.0';' 1.067 48.2 1.4 4.5 0.083
..00 NAT 120. -66.4 15.5 50.5 :33.49 1..319 67.6
MOD 120. -66.4 15.5 50.5 :32.61 1.284 77 .1 0.0 0.0 -- . 035

CLOUD'BASE PRESSURE
CLOUD BASE HEIGHT
SUB CLOUD MIXING RATIO
SURFACE CONV. TEMP.,
CLOUD COVER
'nop

?:3 O. MB
2.8 KM 9174. FEET
10.76 GM/KG
29 .6 C :35. F
67. PERCENT

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inches (column 8) ofrainfall under natural
conditions. If seeded, however, it could
produce .342 inches (column 8), or an
increase of .138 inches (column 12) over
the natural cloud. The model also says
that seeding large clouds, above 4 kilo-
meters in radius, would cause a decrease
of rainfall,. 035 inches (column 8).

I~
I
!

In addition, many sophisticated electronic
instruments and more conventional meas-
uring tools are used to monitor the heart-
beat of weather systems and to assist in
recognizing seeding opportunities.

If anyone measurement tool could be
termed as a key to the qualitative and
quantitative understanding of weather
modification effects, it would be radar.
The unique characteristics of radar have
already established it as the operational
eye of Skywater research.

Radar units, modified for specific purposes
and teamed with computers, are Icapable
of watching the formation of rain within a
cloud. The image on the screen cannot
only track a storm or storm system but
can also inform a trained observer of the

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