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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:40:41 PM
Creation date
4/24/2008 2:54:28 PM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Project Name
Project Skywater
Title
Project Skywater - An Introduction to Rivers in the Sky
Date
12/1/1973
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />meeting, and volunteered support for the <br />proj ect. <br /> <br />I <br />r <br /> <br />This cooperative program, utilizing exper- <br />tise in the scientific, academic, environ- <br />mental and political communities, is <br />planned to reach an effective acceptable <br />technology by 1980. <br /> <br />We must continue to study the interactions <br />of the technology with economic, social, <br />legal, and environmental forces to form a <br />coherent system that is both efficient and <br />acceptable. <br /> <br />Additional research and development are <br />needed to better understand the relation- <br />ship between the number of nuclei and the <br />amount of precipitation, and to learn more <br />of the life history of precipitation particles <br />and of the interactions among clouds in <br />the presence of seeding. <br /> <br />Better instruments are needed to help <br />identify seedable events. Better tech- <br />niques, including improved models, are <br />needed to interpret data from these <br />instruments. <br /> <br />Improved targeting procedures will be <br />necessary, especially for ground-based <br />seeding projects. <br /> <br />A better understanding of the convective <br />process in summer clouds could lead to <br />techniques that would not only increase <br />rainfall but might also reduce the hail <br />from large cumulus. <br /> <br />[ <br /> <br />Although silver iodide has proved to be <br />an effective seeding agent, there still is a <br />need for alternative materials. Ideally, <br />seeding agents sould be inexpensive, ef- <br />fective, readily available, easy to handle, <br />safe, and noncontaminating. ' <br /> <br />Day-to-day operating criteria decisions <br />now are based on weather observations <br />and very short-range forecasts -up to <br />about 3 hours. <br /> <br /> <br />Chedclng precipitation recording instruments. <br /> <br />This situation is satisfactory for most pre- <br />cipitation management projects, but is <br />far from ideal. Better short- range and <br />long-range forecasting would improve <br />project management. <br /> <br />! WHE~E! WE AJ1E I <br />1I0DA r <br />~ I I : I \ I I <br /> <br />PROJECT SKYW A TER HAS alr,eady an- <br />swered many questions in weather modi- <br />fication. It has also identified several <br />directions in which greater research em- <br />phasis is needed. <br /> <br />It is known, for instance, that thle simple <br />injection of a seeding agent into the at- <br />mosphere near an impressive looking <br />cloud will not assure an increase in that <br />cloud's precipitation. Instead, sets of <br />special circumstances must be present be- <br />fore seeding can enhance the natural <br />precipitation process. These circum- <br />stances can be thought of as defining the <br />dimensions of a "window" through which <br />useful treatment can be administered to <br />the cloud. <br /> <br />Bureau research has determined that al- <br />though the values which describe the win- <br />dews vary for season, region, and climatic <br /> <br />10 <br />
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