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<br />. <br /> <br />+ <br /> <br />. ~ <br />.~ <br />~ <br />.~ <br />/'/ . <br />.,~-' . <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />234 <br />208 <br />182- <br />156 <br /> <br />8 130 <br />:> <br />c:: <br />~ 104 <br />a:l <br />o <br />78 <br />52 <br />26 f <br />o <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />++ <br /> <br />+ <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />. <br />40 <br /> <br />EiO <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />20 <br /> <br />I. . <br />80 100 120 140 160 180 <br />MODEL <br /> <br />Fiq. 4: Scatter plot and correlation coefficient R = 0.82 for AZILAL <br />(elevation = 1427 m). <br /> <br />motion (w), and the grid interval (10 km <br />in the grids is being used now). Finally, <br />the time duration factor could be tested <br />in case the upper air observations are <br />available more frequently. Presently, <br />this factor is set to 12 hours. <br /> <br />4. RESULTS AND SUMMARY <br /> <br />Preliminary results show that the <br />model is performing well as compared to <br />other results obtained in different <br />geographical and topographical <br />configuration (Rhea, 1977; Rhea, 1980). <br />Comparisons with some mid-level elevation <br />stations (800 to about 1800 meters) indi- <br />cate a good capability of the model to <br />predict monthly precipitation (see Fig. 4). <br />Correlations for these stations ranged <br />between 0.7 and 0.9 for a sample of 20 <br />months. However, the model-generated <br />monthly volume precipitation was not well <br />correlated with measured stream flow. One <br />suspected reason for that would be the time <br />lag in the runoff of the precipitation. <br /> <br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS <br /> <br />This research was supported by the <br />USAID (Project 608-0190) and the Government <br />of Morocco. The authors thank Joie Robinson <br />for typing the paper. <br /> <br />REFERENCES <br /> <br />Baddour. D., and R. Rasmussen. 1988: Microphysical <br />observations over the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, Preprints, <br />10th International Cloud Physics Conference. WHO, 356. 35B, <br /> <br />BeHIIIII)', J.C.. 1949: Obj1ective calculations of divergence. <br />lter.tical velocity. and vorticity. Bull. /mer, Meteor. Sac.. <br />30. 45-49. <br /> <br />Bensari. A.. S. Benarafo, B, Loukah. M. Benassi, A. Mrabet. <br />D. Matthews. J. Medina. C. Hartzell, and T. Deshler. 19B9: <br />Pl"1l9ramne Al 6halt - Design and evaluation of a weather <br />.edification program in Morocco. 5th International Weather <br />Modification and Applied Cloud Physics Conference, WHO, <br /> <br />frllser. Alistair B., R.C. Easter. and P.V. Hobbs, 1973: A <br />thl!oret ica 1 study of the flow of a ir and fallout of so lid <br />precipitation over .euntainous terrain, Part 1. Airflow Mode' <br />J. Atm, Sci., Vol. 3D, No.5, 801-812. <br /> <br />M~!rs, V.A., 1962: Airflow on the windward side of a ridge, <br />J, 6eoohv, Res.. 67. 4267-4291. <br /> <br />Pllloster. M.N.. and N. FuI(uta, 1974: NumericalllOdel of <br />seeded orographic snowfall. AHS Proceedings of Fourth <br />Conference on Weather Modification, fort Lauderdale. Florida <br />November. <br /> <br />Rhea, J.O.. 1977: Orographic precipitation ~l for <br />hydraneteoro logica I use. Ph. D. Dissertat lon, Department of <br />Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University. Fort Collins <br />Colorado, July 1971, 221 IPP. <br /> <br />Rhea. J.a., V.H. Leverson. L.a. Grant. and J.L. LeCompte, <br />19!10: Utility of special rawinsonde observations in weather <br />modification programs for the Upper Colorado River Basin. <br />PTl!pared for Bureau of Rer:lamat ion, Contract No. 8-07-83- <br />VOOl4. Dept, of Atmospheric Science. Fort Collins. Colorado, <br />71 pp, . <br /> <br />Sar'ker. R.P.. 1967: Some modifications in a dynamical modei <br />of orographic rainfall, Mipnthly Weather Review. Vol. 95, No, <br />10. 673-684. <br /> <br />Silverman. B.A., S,A. Cha"gnon, Jr.. A.S. Dennis, and 5.F, <br />Lintner. 1983: Weather mpdificat ion assessment, Kingdom of <br />Kor~co, U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of <br />Reclamation. 0-3720. Denvl~r. Colorado, 47 pp. <br /> <br />Wi 1lis, P.. 1970: A par&TIeter ized numerica 1 aPde 1 of <br />orographic precipitation. Report to U.S. Bureau of <br />Reclamation, Contract 14-06-0-5640, EG&G, Inc.. Environmenta' <br />Ser'vice Operation, Boulder, Colorado, <br /> <br />Young. K.C.. 1974: A numerical simulation of wintertime <br />orographic precipitation: Part 1, Description of the modei <br />mic:rophysics and nl.lrerical techniques, J. Atm. 5ci., 31 P), <br />1735-1748, <br />