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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:40:31 PM
Creation date
4/24/2008 2:52:08 PM
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Weather Modification
Title
Projected Impacts of a Very Large Windpower Complex
Date
9/26/1978
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />'" <br /> <br />'. <br /> <br />pitch setting of the blades, the interference would affect a given rather <br />narrow sector of directions from the wind machine. The interference pattern <br />resulting from all possible azimuths and blade pitch settings is .a cardioid <br />pointing toward the television transmitter plus a narrow lobe pointing away <br />from it, It was calculated that in the worst case interference might extend <br />narrow sector of directions from the wind machine, The interference pattern <br />resulting from all possible azimuths and blade pitch settings is .:1 cardioid <br />pointing toward the television transmitter plus a narrow lobe pointing away <br />from it, It was calculated that in the worst case interference might extend <br />a few miles from the wind machine, In the remote and sparsely populated <br />settings projected for the windfarms, no significant adverse impact on <br />wireless communications is to be anticipated. <br /> <br />e, Land Use. - Windfarms when fully developed according to the <br />projected plan would be extensive~ covering anywhere from a few thousand to <br />several hundred thousand hectares. However, this use of the land would be <br />nonpreemptive except for the 1 to 5 percent actually occupied by tower <br />footings, guy-wire attachments, and ancillary structures. Most other uses <br />of the land could proceed without appreciable 'interference. <br /> <br />The most widespread use of land likely to be occupied by the <br />projected windfarms is forest products and nomadic herding, both in non-inten- <br />sive form. Windfarms would not necessarily affect either land use. <br /> <br />f. Aesthetics, - There has been reported 18 the voicing of some <br />concern over "visual pollution" of an unaesthetic sort if large numbers of <br />windpowered generators were to be erected. It was also reported that <br />persons shown pictures of various styles of wind machine expressed a pre- <br />ference for the "old Dutch" style, The relevance of these data to the <br />aesthetic acceptability of the projected 111indfarms is dubious, The potential <br />for a positive aesthetic experience on the part of tourists attracted to the <br />windfarms as novelties appears to be at least as great as the potential for <br />negative aesthetic impact. <br /> <br />2. Environmental Impacts of Pumped Storage <br /> <br />There would be both short-term and long-term environmental impacts <br />from construction and operation of the projected pumped-storage facility. <br />The short-term impacts would be those associated with consumption of materials <br />and all the local disruptions caused by a major construction project. These <br />impacts would be felt repeatedly as various stages of development succeeded <br />one-another, They would-be confined pri~irily to the construction site. <br /> <br />Only the most general statement can be made now about the irreversible <br />commitment of resources required in construction. Present projections of <br />electric power demand to the year 2000 suggest that new construction of <br />electric power generating stations will total about 1,2 TW, reaching 4 TW in <br />2030, with the corresponding commitment of resources being suggested by the <br />probable cost of about $1,250 per kW, or a total investment in new generative <br />facilities approaching $5,000 billion by 2030. The windpower complex, <br />including the pumped-hydro component, would probably require investments not <br />exceeding $1,000 per kW. In relative terms, it can therefore be expect,ed that <br />development of the windpower complex would result in a substantial but, not <br />easily calculated reduction in commitment of material resources. <br />
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