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<br />Changnon, S. A., 1992: Inadvertent weather modification in urban areas: Lessons for global climate change.
<br />Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 73:619-627.
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<br />Large metropolitan areas in North America, home to 65% of the nation's population, have created major
<br />changes in their climates over the past 150 years. The rate and amount of the urban climate change
<br />approximate those being predicted globally using climate models. Knowledge of urban weather and
<br />climate modification holds lessons for the global climate change issue. First, adjustments to urban
<br />climate changes can provide guidance for adjusting to global change. A second lesson relates to the
<br />difficulty but underscores the necessity of providing scientifically credible proof of change within the
<br />noise of natural climatic variability. The evolution of understanding about how urban conditions
<br />influence weather reveals several unexpected outcomes, particularly relating to precipitation changes.
<br />These suggest that similar future surprises can be expected in a changed global climate, a third lesson.
<br />In-depth studies of how urban climate changes affected the hydrologic cycle, the regional economy, and
<br />human activities were difficult because of data problems, lack of impact methodology, and necessity for
<br />multidisciplinary investigations. Similar impact studies for global climate change will require diverse
<br />scientific talents and funding commitments adequate to measure the complexity of impacts and human
<br />adjustments. Understanding the processes whereby urban areas and other human activities have altered
<br />the atmosphere and changed clouds and precipitation regionally appears highly relevant to the global
<br />climate-change issue. Scientific and governmental policy development needs to recognize an old axiom
<br />that became evident in the studies of inadvertent urban and regional climate change and their behavioral
<br />implications: Think globally but act locally. Global climate change is an international issue, and the
<br />atmosphere must be treated globally. But the impacts and the will to act and adjust will occur
<br />regionally.
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<br />Changnon, S. A., 1992: Where does weather modification fit within the atmospheric sciences? Journal of
<br />Weather Modification, 24:118-121.
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<br />No abstract.
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<br />Changnon, S. A., A. M. Carleton, D. J. Travis, H. D. Orville, W. H. Lambright, W. L. Woodley, J. Augustine,
<br />and R. Scott, 1992: Precipitation-Cloud Changes and Impacts Program (PreCCIP). Part 1: Overview,
<br />special study reports and project publications. Annual Report, NOAA Cooperative Agreement
<br />NA90AAHOAI75. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL, 15 pp. + appendices (available from
<br />National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, V A 22161).
<br />
<br />No abstract.
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<br />Changnon, S. A., and colleagues, 1992: Precipitation-Cloud Changes and Impacts Program (PreCCIP),
<br />1989-1991 selected reprint collection. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
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<br />Changnon, S. A., and R. R. Czys, 1992: Results from the 1989 cloud seeding experiment in Illinois. Preprints,
<br />Symposium on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Atlanta, GA, January 5-10, 1992.
<br />American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 74-79.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
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