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<br />234 <br />20 <br />18 <br />156 <br />Q 130 <br />....... <br />> <br />a: <br />~ 104 <br />co <br />o <br />78 <br /> <br />52 <br /> <br />26 1 <br />o <br /> <br /> <br />.~ <br />~// . <br /> <br /> <br />',~-' . <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />.. <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />20 <br /> <br />60 <br /> <br />40 <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />80 100 120 140 160 180 <br />MODEL <br /> <br />Fiq. 4: Scatter plot and correlation coefficient R <br />(elevation = 1427 m). <br /> <br />0.82 for AZILAL <br /> <br />motion (w), and the grid interval (10 km <br />in the grids is being used now)~ Finally, <br />the time duration factor could be tested <br />in case the upper air observations are <br />available more frequently. Presently, <br />this factor is set to 12 hours. <br /> <br />4. RESULTS AND SUMMARY <br /> <br />Preliminary results show that the <br />model is performing well as compared to <br />other results obtained in different <br />geographical and topographical <br />configuration (Rhea, 1977; Rhea, 1980). <br />Comparisons with some mid-level elevation <br />stations (800 to about 1800 meters) indi- <br />cate a good capability of the model to <br />predict monthly precipitation (see Fig. 4). <br />Correlations for these stations ranged <br />between 0.7 and 0.9 for a sample of 20 <br />months. However, the model-generated <br />monthly volume precipitation was not well <br />correlated with measured stream flow. One <br />suspected reason for that would be the time <br />lag in the runoff of the precipitation. <br /> <br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS <br /> <br />This research was supported by the <br />USAID (Project 608-0190) and the Government <br />of Morocco. The authors thank Joie Robinson <br />for typing the paper. <br /> <br />REFERENCES <br /> <br />Baddour. D.. and R. Rasmussen. 1988: Microphysical <br />observations over the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. PTE~rints. <br />10th International Cloud Physics Conference. WHO. 356. 358. <br /> <br />Bellamy, J.C., 1949: Qbjective calculations of divergence. <br />vertical velocity. and vorticity. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.. <br />3D. 45-49. <br /> <br />8ensari. A.. S. Benarafo. B. loukah. M. Benassi. A. Mrabet. <br />D. Matthews. J. Medina. C. Hartzell. and T. Deshler, 1989: <br />Progrllllllle Al Ghait - Design and evaluation of a weather <br />~ification program in Morocco. 5th International Weather <br />Modification and Applied Cloud Physics Conference. WMD. <br /> <br />Fraser. Alistair B.. R.C. Easter. and P.V. Hobbs. 1973: A I <br />theoretical study of the flow of air and fallout of solid <br />precipitation over mountainous terrain. Part I, Airflow Mode <br />J. Atm. Sci.. Vol. 30. No.5. 801-812. <br /> <br />Myers. V.A.. 1962: Airflow on the windward side of a ridge. <br />J. 6eoohv. Res.. 67. 4267-4291. I <br /> <br />Plooster. M.N., and N. Fukuta. 1974: Numerical model of <br />seeded orographic snowfa 11. AHS Proceedings of Fourth <br />Conference on Weather Modification. Fort lauderdale. Florida <br />IIovmber. <br /> <br />Rhea, J.D.. 1977: Orographic precipitation IIIOdel for <br />hydraneteorological use. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of <br />AtlIXlspheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins <br />Colorado. July 1977. 221 pp. <br /> <br />Rhea. J.D.. V.H. leverson. l.D. Grant. and J.l. leCompte. <br />1980: Utility of special rawinsonde observations in weather <br />modification programs for the Upper Colorado River 8asin. <br />Prepared for Bureau of Reclamation. Contract No. 8-07-83- <br />VOOI4. Dept. of Atmospheric Science. Fort Co1lins. Colorado. <br />71 pp. <br /> <br />Saner, R.P., 1967: Some modifications in a dynamical model <br />of orographic rainfall. Monthly Weather Review. Vol. 95. No. <br />10. 673-684. <br /> <br />Silverman. 8.A.. S.A. Changnon, Jr., A.S. Dennis. and S.F. <br />lintner. 1983: Weather modification assessment, Kingdom of <br />Morocco. U.S. Department of the Interior. 8ureau of <br />Reclamation. D-3720. Denver. Colorado, 47 pp. <br /> <br />Willis. P.. 1970: A parameterized numerica1 model of <br />orographic precipitation. Report to U.S. Bureau of <br />Reclamation. Contract 14-06-0-5640. EG&G, Inc.. Environmenta <br />Ss;v ice Operat ion. Bou lder, Co lorado. <br /> <br />Young. K.C.. 1974: A numerica1 simulation of wintertime <br />orographic precipitation: Part J. Description of the mode., <br />microphysics and numerical techniQues. J. Atm. Sci.. 31 (7) <br />1735-1748. <br />