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<br />- vi - <br /> <br />D. THE FUTURE ....................................................................................................D-l <br /> <br />15. The immediate future.................................................................................D-l <br /> <br />OJR blocking................................................................................... ..D-I <br />re-randomization and two-stage randomization .................................D-l <br />limitation of epochs of evaluation .....................................................D-2 <br />remote effects and control areas ........................................................D-2 <br />near-by operations........................................................................... ..D-2 <br />operational simulations and regional forecasts...................................D-3 <br />use of many covariates.......................................................................D-3 <br />access to past data................................................... .......................... .D-3 <br /> <br />16. Immediate development ..................... ........................................................D-3 <br />better predictors.............................................................................. ...D-3 <br />better standards of indifference .......... ...................... .............. ......... ..D-3 <br />more about re-randomization ............................................................D-4 <br />robust resistant summaries........................................ ............. .......... .D-4 <br /> <br />17. The future ..................................................................................................D-4 <br /> <br />~PPENDIX: more detail aboi.i des'igriandanalysiSj * <br /> <br />E. ISSUES OF DESIGN ...........................................................................................E-I <br /> <br />18. Target choices................... ....................... .......................... ......... ........... .....E-I <br />focusing studies sharply..... ....................................... .... .................... ..E-I <br />scheduled evaluation............................................................... ......... ..E-2 <br /> <br />remote effects.................................................................................... .E-3 <br /> <br />covariates........................................................................................... .E- 2 <br /> <br />floating targets... ......... ............... ..... ............... .......... ... ........... ........... ..E-3 <br />-- . --------.., <br />19. CFormal.<!esig~.'0................................................................. ........... ........ .....E-3 <br /> <br />crossing over ........................ .................................... ............ ............ ..E-3 <br /> <br />experimental units....................................................... ............ ......... ..E-4 <br /> <br />fraction seeded.................................................... ................. ............. .E-4 <br />who should be "blind" ......................................................................E-4 <br /> <br />20. Maintaining blindness and avoiding alternation while blocking ..................E-4 <br />broken blocks......... ....................... ........... ..... ............... ........ ........ ......E-6 <br /> <br />avoiding over-alternation...... .......... ......... ............ ....... ..... ................. ..E-6 <br /> <br />mixed suitability............................................................................... ..E-9 <br />OJR blocking................................................................................. ...E-I 0 <br />less thorough approaches..................................................................E-Il <br />21. Operational questions.......................... ......... ........................ .......... ......... ..E-14 <br /> <br />quality data............................... ................ ........ ............ ................... .E-14 <br />operational simulations............ ....................................................... ..E-14 <br />background studies....................... ........... ......... ......... .............. ....... ..E-14 <br />F. FUNDAMENT ALS OF CONFIRMA TION.........................................................F-l <br /> <br />22. ,l}nlikely ,events. ..--:.. ... ........ ........... ....... ..... ..... ... ...... ............. ......... ... ......... ....F-I <br /> <br />23. Randomization........ ........ ........... ....... ........ .......... .................. ........ ........... ...F-l <br />a technical point ...~.. ......... ......... ................... ..... ...... .............. ........... ..F-3 <br /> <br />24. Zero average effect............ ......... ............ ......... ............. ...... ........... ........... ...F-4 <br /> <br />25. Parametrized models........ ............. ....... .......................... ..... ........... ......... ....F-4 <br /> <br />26. Robust/resistant techniques ................. ..................... ........... ....... ............... .F-6 <br /> <br />27. Confidence statements...... ................. .............. ..... .......... ..... ....... .................F-6 <br /> <br />"I <br />