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APPENDIXES Appendix A Optimization technique used to derive the Ze-S algorithm .., _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57 B Algorithm documentation requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63 C Criteria for acceptance of deliverables ..................................... 69 D Tasks of the MOD .................................................... 73 E Production of the site-specific files used by the Snow Algorithm in the June 1996 version .................................................... 79 F Program OCCTRIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 G Program HYSTRIMT . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89 H Program POLAR230 ................................;................. 99 I Program FLIPBYTE .................................................. 105 J Comparison between OSF and Reclamation routines .......................... 109 K Program RDNX.C .................................................... 115 TABLES Table 1 Locations of two Belfort gage sites in the Albany area .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 2 Summary of snow storm periods sampled by the volunteer network near Albany, New York, during the 1995-96 winter ...................................... 6 3 Locations of six snow observing sites in the Denver area ........................ 8 4 Summary of significant snowstorm periods sampled by Belfort gages and snowboards near Denver, Colorado, during the 1995-96 winter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 5 Locations of five Belfort gage sites in the Cleveland area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 6 Summary of significant snowfall periods sampled by Belfort gages east-northeast of Cleveland, Ohio, during the 1995-96 winter .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 13 7 Summary of snow water equivalents for 5 Cleveland gages for the first 2.months of the winter, and for 5 Denver gages for the first 3 months of the winter .......... 16 8 . Summary of results of applying the optimization scheme' to the five gages located east-northeast of Cleveland ...............................;............. 26 9 Summary of applying equation (8) to the data set from each Cleveland area gage ..... 27 10 Summary of results of applying the optimization scheme to five gages in the Denver area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 FIGURES Figure 1 Plots of three different Ze-S relationships showing the effect of varying the ~ coefficient while the a coefficient remains constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 2 Plots of three different Ze-S relationships showing the effect of varying the a coefficient while the ~ coefficient remains constant . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 3 Scatter plot of 143 pairs of hourly-observed snowfall for Cleveland gage No.1 versus radar-estimated snowfall directly overhead using the relation Ze = 318 S1.5 . . .. 25 4 Similar to figure 3 except for 235 pairs for Cleveland gage No.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 5 Similar to figure 3 except for 187 pairs for Cleveland gage No.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 6 Similar to figure 3 except for 202 pairs for Cleveland gage No.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 29 7 Similar to figure 3 except for 218 pairs for Cleveland gage No.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29 8 Scatter plot of 196 pairs of hourly-observed snowfall for Denver gages No.1 to 3 versus radar-estimated snowfall directly overhead using the relation Ze = 155' S1.6 .... 34 9 Similar to figure 8 except the Cleveland Ze-S relationship of figure 3 is deliberately misapplied to Denver gages No.1 to 3 ........................... 36 10 Similar to figure 9 except that the Denver Ze-S relationship of figure 8 is deliberately misapplied to Cleveland gages No.1 and 2 ........................ 36 vi