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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:39:27 PM
Creation date
4/23/2008 11:57:07 AM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Project Name
Park Range Atmospheric Water Resources Program
Title
Park Range Atmospheric Water Resources Program - Phase I
Date
1/1/1967
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />V. ANALYSIS <br /> <br /> <br />A-1I000' <br />8- 11000' <br />C-IIOO~' <br />0-11500' <br />IE-II500' <br /> <br />~ PREDICTED <br /> <br />_ MEASURED <br /> <br />Figure 43g.-Plume Dimensions and Pibal Soundings for 8 <br />April 1965. <br /> <br />generator loaned to us, indicate an output of about <br />1015 nuclei/gram effective at -200 C with 5 psi <br />propane pressure, 2 Ib./hr. propane consumption, <br />400 ml./hr. AgI-acetone solution containing AgI at <br />4 percent by weight. We desire to have a constant <br />flux of about 104 nuclei/m3 (1O/1iter) over the <br />target with a maximum windspeed of 30 m.p.h. <br />For a target area 15 miles long, 2 miles high and <br />about 45 feet deep (30 m.p.h. = 45 f/s), the re- <br />quired nuclei flux is: <br /> <br />_ (104) (15 X 2) (5280) 2 X 45 ~ 1013/ (1) <br />nt - (3) 3 = sec <br /> <br />If we assume that a generator can produce about <br />1014 nuclei/gram, effective at -200 C, consistently <br />(that is, an order of magnitude less than the Sky- <br />fire curve or the Fuquay calibration would indi- <br />cate), then we require: <br />1013 nuclei/sec. <br />grams/sec. = 1014 l' / <br />nuc el gram <br /> <br />.1 <br /> <br />or <br /> <br />grams/hr. (.1 gram/sec.) (3600 sec./hr) <br />_ 360 grams/hr. (3) <br /> <br />37 <br /> <br />The Hi-Output Skyfire generator consumes about <br />160 grams/hr. at a fuel flow of 1 gallon/hr.; hence, <br />on a very conservative basis, two or three of these <br />units would provide the nuclei to satisfy our flux <br />criteria. <br />The problem is to assure that the generator out- <br />put is actually around this figure throughout arti- <br />ficial nucleating operations. The cold box tech- <br />nique can do this, but the equipment must be <br />situated near the generator so that no loss of par- <br />ticles or deactivation will occur in transporting the <br />sample from the generator to the calibration equip- <br />ment, and the equipment must be thoroughly <br />purged between readings. <br />We tested three types of generators, the Colorado <br />State University Skyfire generator, a mechanically <br />modified Skyfire generator:; and a Hi-Output Skyfire <br />generator 6 on Emerald Mountain between 9 April <br />and 16 June 1965 to determine any problems that <br />might occur in high altitude operations. Table 7 <br />shows the date, duration of test and units used. <br />We found that all three units operate reliably and, <br />on the basis of required nuclei output, have chosen <br />the Hi-Output Skyfire generator for initial Phase II <br />operations. All three types are to be calibrated <br />at the CSU facility in August to obtain independent <br />confirmation of this choice. <br /> <br />Table 7.-Phase I Artificial Nuclei Generator Tests, All Con- <br />ducted from Emerald Mountain. <br /> <br /> Duration-hours <br /> CSU Skyfire Modified Hi-Output <br /> Da.te (on loa.n) Sky fire Skyfire <br />April \), 1 ,0 <br />:\Iay G, I ,5 <br />l\Iay 14, 4,5 <br />l\fay 21 0,5 <br />May 28, 0,5 ,5 <br />June 3, :3,0 1.5 <br />June 4, 2,.5 <br />June 10, .5 <br />June IG 1 ,0 <br /> -- -~--- <br />Total, 7,0 :L5 (j,5 <br /> <br />(2) <br /> <br />5 Ibid, <br />6 Fuquay, D" 1962: "Project Skyfire Progress Report, 1958- <br />1960". Research Paper 71. Intermountain Forest and Range <br />Experiment: Station, Forest Service, USDA, Ogden, Utah, p. <br />26. <br />
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