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<br />CONTENTS
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<br />Page
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<br />Glossary ...".,......................,.......,..............,."..... Xl
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<br />Conversions . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
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<br />1. Physical design and field operations . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 1
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<br />1. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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<br />1. 1. 1 Background ........,...............,..................... 1
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<br />1. 1.2 Future investigations "................................,..,. 1
<br />1. 1.3 Purpose of physical experiments ........................,..... 2
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<br />1.2 Past attempts at physical seeding experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . 2
<br />1.2.1 Historic overview ...".,.....".,.......................... 2
<br />1.2.2 Overview of physical experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
<br />1.2.3 Great Lakes experiments ..................."............... 3
<br />1.2.4 Bridger Range experiments . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
<br />1.2.5 Cascade Project experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
<br />1.2.6 Grand Mesa experiments ................"....,............, 4
<br />1.2.7 Sierra Nevada experiments. . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
<br />1.2.8 Tushar Range experiments ...,............,.................. 5
<br />1.2.9 HIPLEX summer experiments ."...,......................... 5
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<br />1.3 Factors affecting the success of physical experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
<br />1.3.1 Influence of precipitation intensity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
<br />1.3.2 Airborne tracking of seeded volume ..................,........ 6
<br />1.3.3 Direct detection of seeding agent . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
<br />1.3.4 Radar detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
<br />1.3.5 Precipitation characteristics .....,.........................". 8
<br />1.3.6 General considerations . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . 8
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<br />1.4 Optimum area for Arizona physical seeding experiments. . . . . . . . . , . . , , , , 10
<br />1.4.1 Search for the optimum area ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . 10
<br />1.4.2 Aircraft sampling over the selected expt~rimental area . . . . . . , . . , . , . . 11
<br />1.4.3 Ground survey for a target site ............................... 11
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<br />1.5 Observing systems for physical experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
<br />1.5.1 Scientific uncertainties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
<br />1.5.2 Generaloverview.......................................... 13
<br />1.5.3 Cloud physics aircraft . . . . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . 13
<br />1.5.4 Seeding aircraft .......,........."...,.."...,............ 14
<br />1.5.5 Project operations center . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 14
<br />1.5.6 Target site .............................................. 15
<br />1.5.7 Precipitation observations ......,............................ 16
<br />1.5.8 Additional ground systems . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . 17
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<br />Vll
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