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<br />I <br />I' <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />II <br />I. <br /> <br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />Page <br /> <br />Executive Summary. . . . . . . . <br /> <br />1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . <br />1.1 Need for additional water. <br />1.2 Cloud seeding as a water augmentation option <br />1.3 Program purpose and overview . . . . . . . . . . <br />1.4 Reclamation authority to develop cloud seeding technology <br /> <br />2. Background ................. <br />2.1 Weather modification policy statements <br />2.2 Overview of past investigations <br />2.3 Opportunity to advance the technology <br /> <br />3. General approach to the proposed program <br />3.1 Fundamentals of winter orographic storms and cloud seeding <br />3.2 Seeding hypothesis .. . . . . . . . . <br />3.3 Overview of experimental approaches <br />3.4 Site selection process . . . . . . . . . <br /> <br />4. Direct detection experimental phase . . . . . <br />4.1 Seeding impacts and suspension criteria. . <br />4.2 Scheduling during the direct detection phase <br />4.3 Differences between experimental areas . <br />4.4 Numerical modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />4.5 Seeding sites and agents . . . . . . . . . . . <br />4.6 Observations of hypothesized processes . . . <br />4.6.1 Existence of excess SLW over the barrier . <br />4.6.2 Reliable production of seeding agents . . . <br />4.6.3 T&D of AgI and propane-created ice crystals <br />4.6.4 Seeded zone temperature .............. ..... <br />4.6.5 Transport of seeding-created ice particles toward the target. <br />4.6.6 Ice particle growth environment. . . . . . . . . . . <br />4.6.7 Snowflake fallout trajectories . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />4.6.8 Seeding-induced snowfall on the target. . . . . . . <br />4.7 Procedures during a typical direct detection experiment <br /> <br />5. Statistical/physical experiment phase . . . . . <br />5.1 Overview of statistical experimental design <br />5.2 Role ofcovariates . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />5.3 Additional experimental considerations <br />5.4 Experimental observations <br />5.5 Streamflow modeling . . . <br /> <br />XII <br /> <br />1 <br />1 <br />2 <br />2 <br />3 <br /> <br />5 <br />5 <br />6 <br />8 <br /> <br />10 <br />10 <br />13 <br />13 <br />15 <br /> <br />18 <br />18 <br />19 <br />20 <br />21 <br />21 <br />23 <br />25 <br />25 <br />26 <br />26 <br />27 <br />28 <br />29 <br />29 <br />32 <br /> <br />37 <br />38 <br />39 <br />39 <br />40 <br />41 <br /> <br />41 <br /> <br />6. Transferability investigations. <br /> <br />7. Project organization and management <br /> <br />42 <br /> <br />8. Environmental compliance activities . <br /> <br />44 <br /> <br />45 <br />45 <br />46 <br /> <br />50 <br /> <br />9. Program costs and schedule . . <br />9.1 Program budget overview. <br />9.2 Program schedule <br /> <br />10. References .......... <br /> <br />vii <br />