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<br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />Section <br /> <br />Pagl~ <br /> <br />1. Introduction <br />2. Data. . . . <br /> <br />a. Rawinsonde observations <br />b. Satellite observations <br /> <br />1 <br />2 <br />2 <br />5 <br />6 <br />7 <br />7 <br />9 <br />10 <br />13 <br />17 <br />21 <br />21 <br />26 <br />30 <br /> <br />3. Dynamic seeding hypothesis <br /> <br />4. Model sensitivity and qualifications <br /> <br />a. Model application ....... <br />b. Model characteristics. . . . . . <br />c. Predicted vs. observed cloud occurrences <br />d. Cloud-base height and cloud-top verification <br />e. Predicted convective intensity vs. observed <br />cloud types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br /> <br />5. Natural variability of convective thermodynamics <br /> <br />a. Mesoscale spatial variability. . . . <br />b. Synoptic-scale geographic variability <br />c. Summer to summer differences <br /> <br />6. Frequency of convective clouds and mesoscale triggers 30 <br />7. Dynamic modification potential 38 <br />8. Conclusions 49 <br />9. Bibliography 53 <br /> <br />APPENDIXES . . . <br /> <br />1.1. <br />1.2. <br /> <br />Model vs. aircraft <br />Model vs. satellite cloud types and cloud areas. <br /> <br />57 <br />59 <br />59 <br />79 <br /> <br />1. Verification of cloud model <br /> <br />2. Comparative summaries of mean physical properties <br />predicted by the model by site and year . . . . <br />3. Detailed analyses of model results at Miles City, <br /> <br />Mont ana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />4. Detailed analyses of model results at Goodland, <br /> <br />Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br /> <br />5. Detailed analyses of model results at Big Spring, <br /> <br />Texas . . . . . . . . . . <br />6. Model sensitivity to freezing limits. . . . . . . <br /> <br />125 <br />145 <br />155 <br />161 <br />187 <br /> <br />v <br />