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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:38:01 PM
Creation date
4/16/2008 11:06:54 AM
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Weather Modification
Title
Special Regional Weather Modification Conference Augmentation of Winter Orographic Precipitation in the Western US
Date
11/11/1975
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />number of visual cloud observations made in Durango and around the Target area ar.ld <br />cloud top estimates made from the many rawinsonde observations indicated that fre~- <br />quent vertical fluctuations of the cloud top over several thousands of ~eet occurred <br />during many of the storm periods. <br /> <br />Several aircraft plume tracking flights have both verified the transport of seedi.ng <br />material from the generator sites into the Target area during seeding operations and <br />also the prolonged residence of the seeding material under certain meteorological <br />conditions. This information should lead to improved operational designs for future <br />programs. <br /> <br />One of the more important findings associated with the Pilot Project developed by <br />EG&G Inc. project personnel was the technique to stratify cloud profiles as observed <br />on plotted adiabatic soundings by cloud types. This stratification would be accom- <br />plished prior to the evaluation of the response that each cloud type has to seedi.ng. <br />This diagnostic evaluation technique allows clouds of the same type to be compared <br />individually to determine their augmentation potential and the favorable seeding range <br />of their observed meteorological parameters. <br /> <br />The cloud types f~om the first four operating seasons that responded most favorably to <br />the existing ground based seeding network are as follows (Figure 2): <br /> <br />1) Orographic clouds with a stable lid top which have no higher clouds above <br />the orographic cloud and have 14,000 feet MSL wind speeds of 35 knots or less and a <br />cloud top or 500 mb temperature of -30C or warmer (whichever is colder). <br /> <br />2) Orographic clouds. with a stable lid top which have middle clouds and/or <br />cirrus above the orographic cloud and have 14,000 ft MSL wind speeds of 30 knots or <br />less and a cloud top temperature of -23C or warmer or a 500 mb temperature of -26C <br />(whichever is colder). <br /> <br />3) An orographic cloud with an unstable ambient lapse rate above the oro- <br />graphic cloud with or without higher clouds and 14,000 ft MSL wind speeds of 27 knots <br />or less and an orographic clouo top temperature of -23C or warmer or a 500 mb temper- <br />,ature of -26C or warmer (whichever is colder). <br /> <br />4) A deep cloud type usually associated with large synopic storms with <br />14,000 ft MSL wind speeds of 27 knots or less and a 500 mb temperature of -26C or warmer. <br /> <br />The average seed/no-seed ratio of the precipitation data across the Target area for <br />these favorable cloud types is 1. 65. <br /> <br />The initial results of this diagnostic study look very promising as a means of identi- <br />fying cloud systems with positive modification potential and of evaluating the seeding <br />effectiveness of the Colorado River Basin Pilot Project. Data for the fifth operating <br />season is presently being gathered for analysis. The results of this five season <br />evaluation and its statistical strength will be included in EGEG Inc.'s Final Report <br />on the Pilot Project. <br /> <br />" <br />I <br /> <br />\ <br /> <br />8 <br />
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