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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />I, <br /> <br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />III'rRODUCTION <br /> <br />EXECUTIVE StHIARY <br /> <br />SECTION I. <br /> <br />RESEARCH AIRCRAl!"T OBSERVA'fI()NAL AND MEASUREMEN'1' <br /> <br />PROGRAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . <br /> <br />(a) The Instrumentation Program......................... <br /> <br />(b) The Fliqht Program......... tl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />(c) The Study of Convection Over a Snow-Covered Surface <br /> <br />1. The Moisture-Driven Convective Field <br /> <br />Over Snow..................................... <br /> <br />2. The Effect of the LoweJ~ Saturation Vapor <br />Pressure Over Ice than Over Water on the <br />Vapor-Driven COnvectiotl....................... <br />3 . Conel usions . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />References <br /> <br />SECTION II. <br /> <br />PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY AND STABLE ISOTOPE PROGRAM <br /> <br />The Proqram Goals...........,..........;.,........... <br />Background........................................ <br />1. Variability of Seeding Chemicals in <br /> <br />Precipitation. .............................. <br /> <br />2. Locating Regions of Supercooled Liquid <br />capture by Snowflakes i.n Cloud Using the <br />Stable Isotope and Ice Crystal Structures.... <br />(c) The Field Program.............................. '. . . <br />(d) Res ul ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br /> <br />(a) <br />(b) <br /> <br />1. Chemical Analysis............................ <br /> <br />2. Specific Case Studies C~nducted During <br /> <br />the 1986 Field Season..................... '. . . <br />3. Location of Supercooled Liquid Water in <br /> <br />Sierra Storms Using Sta.b1e OXygen Isotopes <br /> <br />and Ice crystal Replication............... '... <br />4. Isotope Results from the 1984-85 Field <br /> <br />Season of SCPP............................ 'I . . <br /> <br />5. Isotope Results from the 1985-86 Field <br /> <br />Season of SCPP.............................I.. <br />References <br /> <br />Fag-e <br /> <br />1.1 <br /> <br />1.1 <br />1.5 <br />1.13 <br /> <br />1.14 <br /> <br />1.17 <br />1.20 <br /> <br />2.1 <br />2.2 <br /> <br />2.2 <br /> <br />2.3 <br />2.3 <br />2.12 <br />2.12 <br /> <br />2.36 <br /> <br />2.40 <br /> <br />2.43 <br /> <br />2.53 <br />