<br />- 74 -
<br />
<br />5.0 Conclusions
<br />
<br />Precipitation measurement is the first and foremost considera-
<br />tion in a weather modification experiment. Raingages in sufficient
<br />density are probably the best and least controversial method of evalu~
<br />ating precipitation, followed by radar estimation of rainfall with pro-
<br />vision for adjustment of the radar estimates using raingages. Hydrol~g-
<br />ical evaluation is useful under some conditions but it is not as gen-
<br />erally applicable as raingages or meteorological radar.
<br />
<br />-=
<br />
<br />References
<br />
<br />Atlas, D., 1968: Radar measurement of precipitation: A review and cri-
<br />tique, 13th Radar Meteorology Conference McGill University,:
<br />Montreal, Canada, August 20-23, 1968.
<br />
<br />Brandes, E.A., 1975: Optemizing rainfall estimates with the aid of ~adar.
<br />J. Appl. Meteor. 14, 1339-1345.
<br />
<br />Huff, F.A., 1955:
<br />gages.
<br />
<br />Comparison between standard and small-orifice rain-
<br />Trans. Amer. Geophysics Union 36, 689-694.
<br />
<br />Huff, F.A., 1970: Sampling errors in measurement of mean precipitatipn.
<br />J. Appl. Meteor, ~, 35-44.
<br />
<br />Huff, F .A., 1971: Evaluation of precipitation records in weather modifi-.
<br />cation experiments. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 15, Academic
<br />Press, 59-134.
<br />
<br />Joss, J., J.C. Thams and A. Waldoogel,
<br />fall measurements by radar.
<br />ology Conf., Montreal, Amer.
<br />
<br />I
<br />1968: The accuracy of daily rain-
<br />
<br />Preprints Thirteenth Radar Meteor-
<br />
<br />Meteor Soc., 448-451.
<br />
<br />Kahan, A.M., 1977: A review of the hydrological aspects of evaluation of
<br />precipitation enhancement. PEP Report No.4, World Meteorolog-
<br />ical Organization, 15 pp.
<br />
<br />Olsen, A.R. and W.L. Woodley, 1975: On the effect of natural rainfall
<br />variability and measurement errors in the detection of seeding
<br />effect. J. Appl. Meteor, ~, 929, 938.
<br />
<br />Stout, G.E. and E.A. Mueller, 1968: Survey of relationship between rain-
<br />fall rate and radar reflectivity in the measurement of pre-I
<br />cipitation. J. Appl. Meteor, ~, 465-473.
<br />
<br />Wilson, J.W., 1970: Integration of radar and raingage data for improved
<br />rainfall measurement. J. Appl. Meteor, ~, 489-497.
<br />
<br />Woodley, W.L., A.R. Olsen, A. Herndon andV. Wiggert, 1975: Comparison
<br />of gage and .radar methods of convective rain measurement. '
<br />J. Appl. Meteor, ~, 909-928.
<br />
<br />.~
<br />
<br />Woodley, W.L., J. Simpson, R. Biondini and J. Berkeley, 1977: Rainfall
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