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<br />for studying cloud dynamics.
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<br />3.11 Much progress has been made in the Soviet Union over the last few
<br />years in the use of such radars for measuring non-homogeneities in a fi~ld and for
<br />estimating turbulence parameters in clouds. As a result of this work, a method has
<br />been proposed and instrumentation created for measuring the difference in speeds of
<br />scatterers in pulse volumes at set distances apart. The instruments pr~vide for
<br />detection and display on the radar screen of pictures of the zones of increased
<br />radial gradients of particle speed in clouds and precipitation. These are the first
<br />such data to be obtained using regular non-coherent meteorological radars in real
<br />time with a standard spatial scanning rate.
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<br />REFERENCES
<br />
<br />Sections 1 and 2
<br />
<br />Battan, L.J. (1973). Radar observation of the atmosphere. University of Chicago
<br />Press, Chicago, Illinois, 324 pages.
<br />Beriulev, G.P., Evpryakov,V.A., Kostarev, V.V., Melnichuk, Ju.V., Chern1kov, A.A.
<br />(1975). Instrumentation for measuring the amount of liquid areal precipitation
<br />using a single-wave radar. Trudy Tsentralnoi aerologicheskoi observatorii,
<br />No. 121, Moscow, Gidrometeoizdat.
<br />Beriulev, G.P., Evpryakov, V.A., Kostarev, V.V., Melnichuk Ju.V., Chernikov, A.A.
<br />(1977). Areal precipitation measurement using a modernized MRL-2 radar. Trudy
<br />Tsentralnoi aerologicheskoi observatorii, No. 126, Moscow, Gidrometeoizdat.
<br />Brandes, E.A. (1975). Optimizing rainfall estimates with the aid of radar. Journal
<br />of Applied Meteorology, vol. 14, p. 1339-1345.
<br />Cain, D.E. and Smith, P.L., Jr. (1976). Operational adjustments of radar-estimated
<br />rainfall with gauge data: a statistical evaluation. Seventeenth Confer. on
<br />Radar Meteorology, Seattle, Washington, Amer. Meteor. Soc., p. 533-538.
<br />Collier, C.G., Harrold, T.W. and Nicholass, C.A. (1975). A comparison 9f areal
<br />rainfall as measured by a raingauge-calibrated radar system and raingauge networks
<br />of various densities. Sixteenth Conference on Radar Meteorology, Houston, Texas,
<br />Amer. Meteor. Soc., p. 467-472.
<br />Green, D.R. (1975). Hydraulic application of digital radar data. Sixteenth
<br />Conference on Radar Meteorology, Houston, Texas, Amer. Meteor. Soc.,pp. 356-360.
<br />Harrold, T.W., English, E.J. and Nicholass C.A. (1974). The accuracy of radar-
<br />derived rainfall measurements in hilly terrain. Quarterly Journal of the Royal
<br />Meteorological Society, vol. 100, pp. 331-350. .
<br />Hudlow, M.D. (1972). Use of radar data from D/RADEX for operational hy~rology.
<br />Fifteenth Conference on Radar Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc., pp. 117-123.
<br />Joss, J., Thams, J. and Waldfogel, A. (1968). The variations of raindrop size
<br />distribution at Locarno. Intern. Conference on cloud physics, Toront?, Canad~1
<br />p~. 369-373.
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