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<br />- <br /> <br />in liquid water concentration. The ice crystals produced by seeding <br />have significant advantage over those that occur in unseeded clouds <br />because they ori~lnati earlier ln the lifetime of the cloud. This <br />leads to the ear ier (~pearance of precipitatlng ice partlcles in <br />the seeded clouds, so that greater concentrations and larger sizes <br />of such particles are present at comparable times after treatment. <br /> <br />~. <br /> <br />4. Radar first echoes develop earlier in seeded clouds than in <br />un seeded clouds. <br /> <br />5. Precipitation falls from cloud base in the form of graupel <br />and/or rain (melted graupel) earlier in the lifetime of the seeded <br />cloud and in greater volume than occurs in unseeded clouds. In <br />addition, a larger proportion of seeded clouds than unseeded <br />clouds will produce rain. <br /> <br />6. Rain at the ground, averaged per experimental unit, is greater <br />for seeded clouds than for unseeded clouds. <br /> <br />Appendix B contains a more detailed discussion of conceptual models. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />9 <br />