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<br />Aircraft, radiometer, and surface observations of cloud particle, liquid water <br />and total vapor content and surface crystal structure show characteristics of <br />the four stages of precipitation during this 16-hour storm period. Twenty-four <br />soundings were observed during the period, 14 upwind of the barrier and 10 down- <br />wind of the barrier. Observations were made nearly every 3 hours. <br /> <br />A comprehensive set of aircraft, remote sensors, and ground-based observation <br />stations was assembled to investigate the p~ysical and microphysical charac- <br />teristics of these storms. Surface measurements of precipitation rate, number <br />flux, crystal habit, degree of rime, and aggregation were made at 15-minute <br />intervals at the radiometer site by weighing collected precipitation, and <br />observi ng coll ected crystal sunder magnifi cat i on on bl ack vel vet and by shadow <br />photography. Crystal habit, degree of rime and aggregation were also recorded <br />approximately every 15 minutes at Storm Peak Laboratory, located at the crest of <br />the Park Range (3100 meters MSL), approximately 6 km downwind and 1 km above the <br />radiometer site. <br /> <br />The observations, taken in the vicinity of Steamboat Springs, Colorado as part <br />of COSE (the Colorado Orographic Seeding Experiment), were made with a com- <br />bination of instruments that permitted synoptic, regional, and local scale <br />descriptions of the meteorological processes affecting Park Range cloud systems. <br />The following is a listing of the instrument systems used during this study. <br /> <br />1. A Cheyenne II aircraft equipped with <br /> <br />- state parameter package <br />- JW hot-wire probe and FSSP for liquid water measurements <br />- 2D-C probe and decellerator for ice crystal measurements <br /> <br />2. Remote sensing equipment <br /> <br />- C-band (5.4 cm) radar located 20 km upwind of the barrier <br />(PPI scans) <br />- Ku-band (1.79 cm) radar located at the base of the barrier <br />- Dual wavelength microwave radiometer, for detecting total <br />integrated liquid water and water vapor, at the same site <br />as the Ku radar <br /> <br />3. Mountain top observatory located on Storm Peak at an elevation of <br />3.2 km equipped with <br /> <br />- temperature and wind sensors <br />- rotorod for rime collection <br />- CN counter and Royco isothermal haze chamber <br />- cloud gun <br />- Rosemont liquid water probe <br /> <br />4. Surface ice crystal observations at several locations in the COSE area <br /> <br />18. <br />