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<br />-, <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />,~oto (tool!I1) <br />Bur. au of lit.clamallon <br /> <br />I. "EPORT NO, <br /> <br />TECHNICAL REPORT ST ANDARD TITLE PAGE <br /> <br />r~~"~~ ~eC"IO" NO. <br /> <br />."' - ,. RECIPIENT'S CAT~L.OG NO_ <br /> <br />.. TITLE AND SUIlTITLE <br /> <br />5. REPORT DATE I <br />November 19~7 <br /> <br />Evaluation of Operational Ooud Seeding in <br />Western Kansas <br /> <br />6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE <br /> <br />D-1210 <br /> <br />,. AUTI040RISI <br /> <br />.. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION <br />"EPO"T NO. ' <br /> <br />A.S. Dennis, R.L. Eddy, and RM. Rasmussen <br /> <br />.: ~"IF()"MING ORGANIZ...TION N...IIIE .....0 "'DD"US <br />Bureau of Reclamation, E&RC <br />Division of Atmospheric Resources Research <br />PO Box 25007 <br />Denver CO 80225 <br />t2. SPOI~SORING AGENCY NAIIIE "'ND "'DDRESS <br />Bweau of Reclamation <br />Southwest Region <br />714. S. Tyler, Suite 201 <br />Amarillo TX 79101 <br /> <br />to. WORK UNIT NO. <br />0 <br />II. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. <br /> , <br />13. TYPE OF REPORl AND PERIOD <br /> COVERED <br /> Final <br />1.. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE <br /> SW -720 <br /> <br />15. SUPI'"LEMENTARY NOTES <br /> <br />16. "'IlS'T'RACT <br />Sincle 1975, the Western Kansas Weather Modification Project has op;erated to se:ed <br />wann-season clouds for hail suppression and rainfall increase. Rainfall data and crop-bail <br />loss data were obtained from 1948-198S for the target area and for a largeristudy area that <br />includes parts of six states. Both observed values of precipitation at sites with reasonably <br />long observation periods and interpolations from the observed data ~tted to a grid <br />(IS-minutes of latitude by IS minutes of longitude between 3S.s and 41 ~ and 96 ~LDd <br />l040W) were examined. Hailloss~t data were fined to the same grid. Results show that <br />any Ichanges in rainfall due to the seeding program are much smaller dian the natural <br />variations that took place, Much of the target area had less growing-season: rainfall during <br />the seed years (197S-85) than during the no-seed years (1948-74). This fac:r should not be <br />attributed to the seeding, however, because the same tendency was noted o,,"er much of the <br />surrounding study area. Results of the analysis of crop-hail data are consistent with the <br />hypothesis of a hail suppression effect but do not prove that the seeding has s:uppressed hail. <br />1be apparent effect is concentrated in the eastern part of the target area and extends beyond its <br />northeastern boundary. The suggested suppression effect is a reduction in cr9p-hail damage <br />of some 25 to SO pe~o The part of the target area with the most favorable ~ experience <br />during the seed years also shows a tendency toward drier weather during those yeaiI's. <br />However, an analysis of hail/rain ratios indicates that the tendency toward drIer weather was <br />not sufficient to account for the lessened hail damage. , <br /> <br />17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANAL.YSIS <br />a. OESeR IPTORS.. weather modification, cloud seeding, hail suppression <br /> <br />b. IDENTIFIERS-- Kansas <br /> <br />c. COSATI Field/Group <br /> <br />COWRR: <br /> <br />SRIM: <br /> <br />19, SECURITY CL.AS.s 12'. NO, OF F'AGE <br />(T"'S RE PORT) <br />UNCLASSIFIED <br />20. SECURI:r Y CL.AS.s 22, PRICE <br />IT",! PACiEl <br />UNCLASSIFIED <br /> <br />18. DIS"RIBUTION STATEMENT <br />Available from the Notional Tec;hnicollnformation Service, Operations <br />Divisio".5285 Pon Royal Rood. Springfield. Virginia 22161. <br />