WMOD00295

• Title: Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation
• Date: 1/1/1995
• Weather Modification - Doc Type: Report

CONTENTS

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4.2.1 Natural Precipitation Effidency and Its
Modification (Static Seeding) . . . . . . .
4.2.1.1 Formation of Cloud Condensate. .
4.2.1.2 Destination of Cloud Condensate.
4.2.1.3 Growth of Precipitation Size
Particles from Cloud Condensate.
4.2.1.4 Cloud Seeding to Increase
Precipitation Efficiency
(Static Seeding Process). . .
4.2.2 The Role of Cloud Seeding to Enhance
Cloud Development (Dynamic Seeding)
4.2.2.1 Seeding to Enhance Development of
Individual Convective Type Cloud
4.2.2.2 Complexities of the Dynamic
Seeding Concepts. . . . . . . . .
4.2.2.3 Expansion of Dynamic Seeding
Concepts to Cloud Clusters and
Mesoscale Systems.
4.3 Hail Suppression . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1 Natural Hail Growth ...
4.3.2 Hail Suppression Methods
4.4 Technological Advances
4.5 Conclusion.
4.6 References . . . . . . . .

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Section 5 Cloud Seeding Modes and Instrumentation 87
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . 87
5.2 Cloud Seeding Modes .......... 88
5.2.1 Cloud Seeding Agents . . . . . . . 88
5.2.1.1 Homogeneous Nucleating Agents. . 89
5.2.1.2 Heterogeneous Cloud Seeding Agents. 89
5.2.1.3 Organic Cloud Seeding Materials. 92
5.2.1.4 Hygroscopic Materials. 92
5.2.1.5 Other Methods. . . . 92
5.2.2 Delivery Systems. . . . . . . . 93
5.2.2.1 Aerial Application. . . 93
5.2.2.2 Ground Applications. 97
5.2.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Aerial and Ground Systems. . . . . 98
5.2.3 Deployment of Cloud Seeding Systems. . . 102
5.2.3.1 Dispersion Rates of Cloud Seeding
Materials in Wintertime Clouds. 102
5.2.3.2 Aerial Cloud Seeding Modes. . 102
5.2.3.3 Ground-Based Cloud Seeding
Modes. . 104
5.3 Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105