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<br />14 <br /> <br />CLOUD SEEDING <br /> <br />western, west central, east central, and Red River Valley (eastern) farm- <br />ing regions of, respectively, in millions of dollars, $53.0 (19%), $48.3 <br />(14%), $47.1 (10%), and $29.2 (7%). To meet these economic enhance- <br />ments, changes in relative acreages occurred in each area to accommo- <br />date the most profitable crops and forage. Livestock production <br />increased significantly in all areas, but progressively more from east to <br />west. <br />Direct purchases by farmers from the local economy resulting from <br />increased farm income and expenditures totaled $226 million for the state <br />in the model estimates. This total when spent and respent generated <br />another $450.9 million of estimated gross business volume, and the larg- <br />est increases occurred in the driest (western) part of the state (Table 2.1). <br />Business volume in this simulation increased in all economic sectors, and <br />the largest increases were associated with households and retail. <br />The total estimated benefit to the state economy from the added grow- <br />ing season rainfall was therefore just under $0.7 billion in 1977-1981 <br />average dollars (Schaffner et aI. 1983). <br /> <br />2.2.1.2 Midwestern United States. Rainfall variability and differential <br />geographical effects on selected agricultural areas were considered in a <br />study of the potential benefits of cloud seeding in Kansas (Smith 1978). <br />An assumed precipitation alteration scheme that varied changes in rain- <br /> <br />TABLE 2.1 Estimated Increased Business Volume Resulting from <br />Increased Farm Income and Expenditures (millions of U.S. <br />Dollars) Generated by Added Growing Season Rainfall by <br />Farming Areas in North Dakota (Schaffner et al. 1983) <br /> <br />Economic Sector West East Red River <br />Receiving Added Business Western Central Central Valley <br />Added Farm Income and Expenditures 67.3 59.6 58.6 40.5 <br />Economic Sector to Which <br />Business Volume Accrued: <br />Agricultural livestock production 5.3 4.3 4.4 3.0 <br />Agricultural crop production 3.3 1.7 2.2 1.3 <br />Sand and gravel 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 <br />Construction 5.7 5.0 4.8 3.1 <br />Transportation 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 <br />Communication and utilities 6.8 6.0 5.8 3.9 <br />Wholesale and agricultural processing 6.7 2.6 4.2 2.1 <br />Retail 51.9 46.1 47.1 33.8 <br />Finance, insurance, and real estate 12.3 10.2 9.7 6.8 <br />Business and personal services 5.3 7.0 3.8 3.9 <br />Professional and social services 8.0 6.5 6.4 3.9 <br />Households 93.0 81.6 79.8 51.1 <br />Government 6.8 5.9 5.7 3.8 <br />Total Added Business Volume 206.2 178.0 174.9 117.4 <br />