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WSP13037
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Last modified
7/29/2009 1:54:35 PM
Creation date
4/11/2008 10:49:11 AM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
File Number
8280.10
Description
CREST - Colorado River Enhancement Snowpack Test
State
CO
Author
Unknown - Crest members/BOR?
Title
Briefing Document for the Colorado River Enhancement Snowpack Test
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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<br />. <br /> <br />e <br /> <br />study basins, the report concluded: liOn only 1 percent of the Williams <br />Forks Lakes catchment is the delay in seasonal melting likely to be of <br />more than 7 days, while only 3 percent of the E1 Dorado Lake Basin <br />would be similarly affected." [12, p. 179J <br /> <br />Snow~ack me1tout dates must be monitored during an operational cloud <br />seedln~ program 1n cooperation with resource management agencies to <br />determ1ne if delay causes significant and adverse effects to the <br />enVlronment and related human activitles. This objective can be <br />accomplished by informal observation and reporting networks in addition <br />to formal monitoring techniques. <br /> <br />The Project Skywater FES st~tes: II In research stud i es aimed at ident i- <br />fying avalanche triggering effects, the effect of relatively small <br />incremental increases in snowfall have been masked by the more pronounced <br />influences of wind, temperature, rate of snowfall, etc." [2, p. 3-30] <br />A 1977 analysis by Howell states: <br /> <br />liThe relation between snowpack augmentation and avalanche <br />hazard is greatly complicated by other factors affecting the <br />release of avalanches and affecting the prediction, warning, <br />and application of countermeasures that mitigate this <br />hazard. In chutes where they seldom run, avalanches occur <br />under rare conditions of recognizably high avalanche danger, <br />when cloud seeding would be suspended under accepted proce- <br />dures. In areas of high avalanche frequency, such as many <br />chutes in the Red Mountain Pass area of the San Juan Mountains, <br />many avalanches run during nearly every major storm, and <br />successful forecast and warning procedures have been developed, <br />at least partially under the spur of prospective precipita- <br />tion management. The occurrence of delayed avalanches, <br />after the storm has passed, is related partly to the augmented <br />part of the snow load and mostly to features of snow strati- <br />graphy and metamorphosis not affected by precipitation <br />management. To the extent that precipitation management <br />focuses attention on avalanche warnings and countermeasures, <br />it will tend to reduce, not increase the hazard." [13, <br />pp. 494-495J <br /> <br />~ater and Power will continue its cooperative work with the Institute of <br />Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Coloraao, and the Forest <br />Service to improve understandina and forecastin or avalanche events. <br />Ava ancne condit10ns are inc uded 1n the suspension criterld tor w1nter <br />orograpnic cloud seeaing projects, and will be included in suspension <br />cr1terla tor thlS proJect. <br /> <br />Potential increases in flooding must be considered and dvoided in the <br />design of a cloud seeding program. MOdels will be developed to assess <br />the interaction of snowpack levels, runoff levels, and flooding events. <br />A review of the historical ~ecord and model calculations will provide <br />information needed to set cutoff leveis for cloud seeding wnen the <br />snowpack reacnes a certain "percent of normal" (average). Project <br />susoension criteria wil I be effective automatically when the cutoff <br />- <br /> <br />1 ~ <br />...oJ <br />
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