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Executive Summary The purpose of this study is to better understand the unfilled need for funding to rural private nonprofit water systems (PNPWSs) in Colorado. PNPWSs often include homeowners associations, water-user associations, or private nonprofit water companies. The Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) contracted Stratus Consulting and Malcolm Pirnie to identify the gap between the available funding for PNPWSs in Colorado and the funding need for PNPWSs into the future. Numerous loan and grant programs are available to help drinking water systems by funding their infrastructure needs. Some funding sources administered by the state, however, require the water system to be a governmental entity to be eligible for funding. They cannot serve PNPWSs, which are common in rural areas. This study determines the number and location ofPNPWSs in Colorado, estimates the short-term funding need for PNPWSs, ranks long-term funding need by water business function (supply, treatment, storage, or distribution), and discusses the current sources of funding for which PNPWSs are eligible. Private nonprofit water system inventory As of2007, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment's (CDPHE's) version of the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database listed 2,131 water systems in Colorado. This number includes all water system types: community water systems, noncommunity, nontransient noncommunity, and nonpublic. It also includes all types of ownership: local government, state government, federal government, private, Native American, and mixed public/private. SCl1l99 In this study we focused on "community" water systems, defined as those serving at least 25 persons or 15 connections for at least 60 days in the year. SDWIS lists a total of 841 community water systems in Colorado. As is shown in Table S.I, private community water systems are 45% of that number. PNPWSs were not specifically identified in SDWIS - it records only whether a system is private or not. So we marked PNPWSs in the database using several rules and methods to provide our best estimate. Of the private community water systems, we identified 174 community PNPWSs as the focus of this assessment. These not-for-profit entities reflect 46% of the total private community water systems in this state. Mapping of community PNPWSs in Colorado reveals clusters ofPNPWSs in locations such as Otero County, La Plata County, and Garfield County into neighboring Pitkin County.