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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:35:54 PM
Creation date
3/11/2008 2:44:57 PM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Title
A Cooperative Project Between the Kingdom of Morocco and the United States
Date
9/1/1989
Country
United States, Morocco
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />v <br /> <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />'I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />EXECUTIVE SUMMARY <br /> <br />The Kingdom of Morocco established Programme AI Ghait in the early 1980's as an emergency <br />response to a severe, prolonged drought. Its primary goal was to utilize weather modification <br />techniques to augment rainfall. In 1983, at the direction of His Majesty King Hassan II, the <br />Government of Morocco (GOM) requested assistance with the project from the United States of <br />America (USA). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) signed an agreement <br />with GOM in May 1984 to initiate a $6 million technical assistance program that provided both <br />scientific equipment and training for the project, making Programme AI Ghait a joint USA-GOM <br />undertaking. <br /> <br />The primary objectives of the joint project were to: <br /> <br />1. Implement a scientifically based cloud seeding demonstration program for winter <br />precipitation augmentation over the upper portion of the Oued Oum Er Rbia basin in the <br />Atlas Mountains to alleviate the existing drought conditions, assess the amount of additional <br />water produced in the river jreservoir system as a result of the demonstration program, and <br />evaluate the effects of increased winter precipitation on runoff and its subsequent uses. <br /> <br />2. Examine cloud and precipitation processes to improve the scientific basis of the <br />demonstration program and obtain evidence of its physical plausibility. <br /> <br />3. Concurrent with the first two objectives, transfer winter precipitation augmentation <br />technolo~'Y through informal and formal training to enable Moroccan personnel to design, <br />plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate similar winter precipitation augmentation projects <br />over the mountainous areas of Morocco. <br /> <br />4. Increase the awareness of the need for an improved water management program in the <br />Oued Oum Er Rbia basin which would consider weather modification as one of many water <br />resources options. <br /> <br />These objectives were largely attained during the past 5 years. <br /> <br />Institutional Structure <br /> <br />Programme AI Ghait was established by His Majesty King Hassan II under the "Haut <br />Coordonnateur," General Kabbaj of the Royal Air Force (FRA), and his Project Manager, Colonel <br />Bamaarouf. The project grant agreement was administered by Mr. Bensari, Director of the <br />National Meteorological Organization (Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale, or DMN), and <br />Colonel Bamaarouf. Mr. Benarafa, Director of the project, and Mr. Loukah, Deputy Director, led <br />a team of over 50 meteorologists, technicians, and observers from the DMN and more than <br />10 pilots and 20 supporting aircraft mechanics and technicians from the FRA. These personnel <br />were dedicated to cloud seeding operations, scientific data collection, and analysis. <br /> <br />The Moroccan contributions, which totaled about $7 million in facilities and services, included over <br />100 personnel, facilities for personnel and equipment at all project sites, cloud seeding aircraft, <br />and ground-based silver iodide generators for seeding, complete with operators and maintenance. <br />Facilities for project management, Lirection of operations, equipment maintenance and supply, data <br />
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