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<br />7~OVO(4"'1)
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<br />Bur.au o/ll.IelalllaUon TECHNI"AL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PA"E
<br />.. R~PORT NO. f' GOV<<"_I:N ACCi~..o. ..~i ) REC,P'ENTSC"'T"'l..OGNO,
<br /> ..... . \",' ...
<br />D~OD," ~ .. ~' ',,:~
<br />. TlTl..E "'ND SUBTlTl..E , RSPORT DATE
<br /> PROGRAMME AL GHAIT ' MOROCCO WINTER eptember 1989
<br /> SNOWPACK AUGMENTATiON PROJECT, . PERFOIllMI"'G ORGANIIATlO'" CODE
<br /> A COOPERATIVE PROJECT BETWEEN THE 0-3720
<br /> KINGDOM OF MOROCCO AND THE UNITED STATES
<br />,. AUTHOR'S) . PERFORM\..G ORG.....UATIO..
<br /> REPORT "0.
<br /> D. A. Matthews, A. S. Dennis, C. L ~,~~ell, J. G. Medina, R.a9-14
<br /> P. Goonan, R. W. Chenev, K. D. Sh er, C. L Borda
<br />. PERFORMI..G OR(;A",'l...TIO" N"'ME .....0 AOORESS " WOAII UNIT .0
<br /> Bureau of Reclamation " CONTI'l"'CT 0111 GR"'NT NO.
<br /> Denver Office IMA.QI90,P,IW-4093'()()
<br /> Denver CO 80225 " TVPE 0'- REPORT ANO PERIOO
<br /> COVERED
<br />lit SPON50RING AGENCV "'''ME "'ND ADDRE55
<br /> U.S. Agency for International Development
<br /> Washington, D.C. "" 5PON50RI"'G "(;fNCV CODE
<br /> DIBR
<br />'5. SUPPl..fMENT"''''V NOTE5
<br /> Microfiche and hard copy available allhe Denver Office, DQI1ver, Colorado.
<br />"" ABSTR"'CT From 1984 to 1989the ~mmenlfl of Mo,occo anoj Ihe Uniled Slale. coope,aled In Programme
<br /> /lJ Ghait. a $12,(XX),(XX) project to investlga" the tnsibillty of augmenb~ wat., 5Upplies in Morocco through weather
<br /> modification. A demonstration project was sel up In tl'le upper Cum e' Rb a basin, which is on the nonhw.stern slde 01
<br /> the central High AlIas Mountains. Promising cloud lormations were treallll(l with lil...er iodide r.l,ased Irom aire'.h and,
<br /> beginning in 1987. Irom. network of g,ound.based liI,neratorl. Clouds tier. seeded on 144 days ov.r the live winterl
<br /> 01 oper'lionl. IvI extenSiv. .ffOf1 ......ntlnto developing the '8qul..d inl,..~ruetur., providing modern equipment, .nd
<br /> training over 100 Moroccan personnet to conduet and ev.luale the projec.. The project provided Morocco with itllirsl
<br /> weath.r tadar and Itllirll.irborn. system IOf collection 01 Cloud physics dS\a. New tawinlOnde ltations war. established
<br /> at Benl Mellal .nd Tis.. to obtlln upper .ir data e....ry 12 hours. A salellile ground ,eceiving station .nd an image
<br /> procelling syst.m _re provided 10 monitor clouds. Extensive communicatiool .nd microcomputing Iysteml were
<br /> provided to tranl1Tllt and .n.lyz. sclentlliC d.ta. AJrflow .nd pleeipitabon mod.ls _II adapled to Morocco to guide
<br /> oper.tional decisions. Sc,.ntifiC Itudies by Rectamation and its contlaetofs and Moroccan sci.ntists concentrated on the
<br /> ...dability 01 cloud, over tha Ailas Mountainl.nd statillical methods of evaluating eNacts 01 cloud seeding. Se.dable
<br /> conditions, as indicated by the p'elence of 5Upercooled liquid wata' In clouds at concentrations up to 0.7 g/m3 at
<br /> temperatures down 10 -t2 'C, w.re found to OQCU' on 15to 30 days per winter. The evaluation studies. which ......r. baaed
<br /> on . larg.l-control design using streamflow as the ,..ponse ....ri.ble. indicated that 6 yearl 01 experimentation would be
<br /> 'equtted to provide a 5Q..percent probability 01 delecting a to-percent increase in It,umllow due 10 seeding Thltpolenlial
<br /> eff.cts 01 augmenled lI11amllow upon the operation 01 the Dum er Rbi. Riyer.nd upon the local .nd nal,on.l economy
<br /> w... studied with th. aid 01 computer models. This repot1 cover, the project d.lign, the contributions of the two
<br /> Governm.ntl in...ol...ed, the developm.nt of Moroccan institutions 10 handle 5UCh a complex program, the technology
<br /> transler and leient,tic S1udlel accompliShed, .nd Iha resulls 01 the Ilfeamllow and economic .nalyses using modell. A
<br /> section on problems encountered and hllSons learned is lncl~ed lor the benef,1 of Olher persons or agencies
<br /> con1emplatlng large, complu projectl invoiving more lhan one nalional government.
<br />". II[V ....OR05 "'NO OOCV"ENT AN..l.....SIS
<br />" OE:SCRIF'TORS.. wealher mocllllcelion/ cloud seeding/ pllK:ipilalion .ugmentalion/ precip,tation .nhancem.nt/
<br /> at1,hcial seecMg/ cloud physics/ orographic clouds/ supercooled liquid waler/ cloud liquid w.ter/liquid waler conlent/
<br /> ice crystals/snow/ plecipilation/ transpot1.nd diffulion/ ClOuds/ai, !low model,ng/ plecipitation modeling/ snow co....r
<br /> lunoH mod.llng/ economiC sludies/ hydrologic modeling/ benef,l.to-cosl ratios/ sateHile observatlOnl/ LANDSAT/NOAA
<br /> AVHRR/ radar echoes/ drought "li.l/ waler resources managam.nt{ MRF'P/ double ral'<?/ slalis\JCal.....,uallon/ target.
<br /> conlrol araa/ technology transfer
<br />b, IDENTIFIERS-- MorOCCXl/ Alias Mountains/ Khouribga/ Casablanca/ Alil.l/ Beni Mellal/ Bon El Cuidane/ Cued
<br /> Dum e, Rbia basin/ Nonhwest Alrice
<br /><, COSATI F",Hd/G'ollp 04B COWRR; 0402.1 SR/M;
<br />,", 0,srR'8ur,0.. ST"'T[MENT " SECURITYCl..ASS .. .0 01' P"'GE
<br />A~lfillfb!t' rrom l~e NQtrOf>O' 7t'c~nrCDIIf>fo'mQIIOf> St'r...ict', Opt'rolionl l1"'SU.O.fl 236
<br /> UNCLASSrFIED
<br />D''''U10f>, S28S PO'! Royo/ Rood, Sp'lf>rfit'ld. V;rglf>io 2216/. " SECURITY Cl....SS ". PRICE
<br /> IT"IS...UI
<br /> UNCLASS,FIED
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