WMOD00318

• Title: A Cooperative Project Between the Kingdom of Morocco and the United States
• Date: 9/1/1989
• Country: United States, Morocco
• Weather Modification - Doc Type: Report

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CONTENTS

Page

Glossary of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xxix

1. Introduction ....................................................... 1

1.1 Drought prior to Programme AI Ghait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Establishment of Programme AI Ghait ............................ 1
1.3 United States support of Programme AI Ghait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Goal and objectives of Programme AI Ghait ........................ 2
1.5 Program management ......................................... 3
1.5.1 Project Steering Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.2 National Steering Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.3 Mission project officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.4 Resident scientific advisor ............................... 4
1.5.5 Annual monitoring review ............................... 4
1.5.6 External evaluation .................................... 4
1.5.7 Coordination with other donors ........................... 4

2. Scientific design of Programme AI Ghait .................................. 9
2.1 Purpose and approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Choice of location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2.1 Climatology.......................................... 10

2.2.2 Choice of target and control areas ......................... 11
2.3 Physical basis of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1 Seeding hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.2 Seedability of clouds in Morocco .......................... 12
2.3.3 Criteria for selection ................................... 13
2.3.4 Seeding agent ........................................ 13
2.4 Scientific operations plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.1 Decision procedure for seeding operations .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4.2 Seeding opportunity forecasting and nowcasting ............... 15
2.4.3 Seeding techniques and operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.3.1 Aircraft seeding operations. . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.3.2 Ground-based seeding operations .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.4 Cloud physics aircraft operations ..........,.....,.......... 18
2.4.5 Operational use of meteorological surveillance equipment. . . . . . . . 19
2.4.5.1 Rawinsonde operations .......................... 19
2.4.5.2 Radar operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.5.3 Satellite downlink station operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.6 Data management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.7 Operational efficiency .................................. 21
2.5 Statistical design ...............................'.............. 21
2.5.1 Design for evaluation of seeding effects on streamflow . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.5.2 Adaptation of the Rhea orographic precipitation model ......... 23

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