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<br />SNOW AUGMENTATION EFFECTS <br /> <br />The workshop participants considered the study area using the listed <br />assumptions as well as possible problems in areas or situations out- <br />side assumed policies and control. Possible effects are discussed <br />under two general headings: Indirect Effects .. effects associated <br />with changes in host vigor, phenology, wounding, number of wounds, <br />alternate..hose prevalence, stand factors such as density and compo.. <br />sition, litter decomposition, soil moisture, avalanches, and highway <br />deicing - and Direct Effects - effects associated with the direct <br />sensitivity of pathogens and insects to temperature and mositure. <br /> <br />Indirect Effects <br /> <br />Vigor. - Vigor has"two aspects with respect to disease and insect <br />activity: (1) the long-term overall metabolic status exemplified <br />by growth rate, foliage amount, type and growth stage and average <br />moisture and nutritive status; and (2) short-term fluctuations in <br />moisture stress and metabolism that deviate from the overall, <br />long-term status. Long-term factors relate to resistance to <br />attack or damage by diseases and insects. Short-term factors may <br />drastically alter this resistance and lead to rapid attack by <br />opportunistic organisms such as bark beetles and canker fungi. <br /> <br />1-6 <br />