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<br />r- <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />! ~ <br />I . <br />\ <br /> <br />( . <br />. <br /> <br />1__, <br /> <br />f ~-. <br />\ <br /> <br />r': <br /> <br />i < <br /> <br />roo-' <br />I <br />,. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />[ , <br />t.. <br />, <br />.t.J4. <br /> <br />!' <br />i <br /> <br />i <br />L <br /> <br />r',: <br />{ <br /> <br />L", <br /> <br />( '" <br />i <br />L..4 <br /> <br />: - <br /> <br />..;...... <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />t .~ <br />l...:....: <br /> <br />r;,~C = P(C;dl);=2 - P(C;dl);=4.5 - SGC - Sc + V.(pKHVqc). <br /> <br />~~: = - p(Cid2);=:s - p(Cd,,);=! - P(Oidl)i=4.5 + p(Oi"');=4.5 + SGC + Sc <br />+ V . (pKH V q,.) - :z (PV TRqR) <br /> <br />~~~A =p(Citl1 - Cid2 - Oi"')i=4 + P(Cid')i=2.:S + pOdl - P(Cid,,) i_I <br />+ V . (pKHVqiA) - ~ (p'VTAqiA) <br /> <br />(6) <br /> <br />(7) <br /> <br />(8) <br /> <br />-,D~~B =p(Cidl - Cidl - C;tJ8);=! + P(Cid')i=2.:S + P(C;d")j=:s,4 <br /> <br />+ v. (pKHVqiS) - ~ (p'VTBqiB) <br /> <br />where Cjdl represents the condensation/evaporation 0=1,2,3) or deposition/sublimation <br />0=4,5) due to difiusional growth of water drops and ice crystals respectively. C;d2 <br />represents the rate of evaporation/sublimation of raindrops and ice in subsaturated air. <br />The transfer rate of cloud water to rain water due to autoconversion is SGC while the rate <br />rain drops collect cloud droplets is parameterized by Sc. The nucleation rate of type A and <br />type B ice are represented by C". and Cid.. The term. Cid, is the rate of accretional growth <br />of ice (type A and B) due to the collection of cloud drops and raindrops and C jtJ8 represents <br />the melting of ice (type A and B) into rainwater. The mixing ratios of type A and type <br />B ice are represented by qiA and qiB. The latent heats of condensation, sublimation and <br />fusion are L,., L.., and LiZ respectively. KH is the eddy Yn;-nft8 coefticient used for heat <br /> <br />30 <br /> <br />(9) <br />