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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:34:40 PM
Creation date
3/5/2008 2:26:56 PM
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Weather Modification
Title
Characterization of Silver Iodide-Sodium Iodide Ice Nuclei Using Chemical Kinetic Methodology
Date
5/1/1985
State
CO
Weather Modification - Doc Type
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<br />24 <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />exponential decrease of ice crystal production with time. He <br />interpreted this behavior as a probabilistic phenomenon, based on the <br />chance formation of stable nuolei whioh would grow to ice crystals. <br />Fletcher (1'58, 1959) interpreted the temporal behavior ot ioe <br />nucleation themodynamically using Gibbs free energy of tormation. In <br />his theory, ice nuolei were 'active' onlY at a particular temperature <br />which was dependent on the the particle size. lcenuolei of the proper <br />size, and at the proper temperature or oolder, nucleate ice <br />instantaneously. Ice nuclei too small in size Ilay nuoleate the ice <br />phase after a time, referred to as the ' time lag'. This theory implies <br />that there is a unique size tor eaoh nucleation temperature. Such a <br />relationship was refuted by Edwards, et ale (1'62) and Mossop and <br />Jaysweera (1'6') tor the case of h7groscopio ice nuclei and Langer, et <br />al, (1978) for the oase of AgI aerosol partioles greater than 0.02~ <br />radius. Fletcher (1968, 1969) later modified his model to aocount for <br />aerosol particles containing a soluble component and for particles with <br />localized active sites. However, laboratory results continued to be <br />difficult to interpret using the thermodynamic model (Davis and Steele, <br />1968, Blair, et al., 1973, and Garvey, et ale ,1976). <br />2.3 Ice Nucleation in OroaraDhic Clo~d "04elina <br />Numerioal simulations of microphysical cloud and preoipitation <br />prooesses in oold orographio oloud systems have been carried out by <br />Hobbs, et ale (1973), Young (1974 a,b), Plooster and Fulcuta (1975), and <br />Rauber (1981). These models were applied to steady-state flow normal to <br />the modeled barrier in two dimensions, using an upwind atmospheric <br />sounding as input. Airflow dynamics were similar in all models. Model <br />predioted airflow streamlines were used together with model caloulated <br />
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