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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:34:00 PM
Creation date
3/5/2008 10:53:24 AM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Project Name
Project Skywater - Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project
Title
The Design of SCPP-1 - A Randomized Precipitation Augmentation Experiment on Winter Cellular Convection in the Central Sierra Nevada
Date
11/1/1983
State
NV
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />.. <br /> <br />e <br /> <br />. To develop a better understanding of the physical processes of preclpl- <br />tat ion development in the northern and central Sierra Nevada leading to <br />identification of those conditions that provide the best potential for <br />snowpack augmentation. <br /> <br />· Through the use of this increased knowledge and incorporating the <br />knowledge gained through the conduct of other programs in the Sierra <br />Nevada and elsewhere, test the feasibility of snowpack enhancement as a <br />means to improve the water resources management and yield in the Sierra <br />Nevada. <br /> <br />Previous weather modification programs were reviewed and classified by MBA in <br />terms of their meteorological relevance to Sierra Nevada storm conditions and <br />the amount of supporting operational and research data applicable to the <br />SCPP. MBA identified forecasting, operations, evaluation, and research as <br />four basic areas of possible application of models to a Sierra Nevada pilot <br />program. MBA investigated a snowfall climatology and a seedability clima- <br />tology based on "southerly" and "westerly" storms, which account for about <br />90 percent of the precipitation in the American River Basin. Included in <br />the report were an initial set of hypotheses, a statistical design, an <br />operational forecasting plan, seeding techniques, operational procedures, and <br />a method for gagi ng extended area effects. Important MBA study recommenda- <br />tions including concentrating SCPP activities in the American River Basin and <br />establishing a preliminary observation-data acquisition program within the ,_ <br />basin. A suspension criteria system was also developed to minimize the .. <br />possibility of hazards and negative results from project activities. <br /> <br />C. field Activities <br /> <br />Two winters of preliminary data collection in 1976-77 and 1977-78 helped <br />provide an initial understanding of weather processes affecting the project <br />area and refinement of concepts and techniques addressed by consultants and <br />Project Skywater personnel during the planning phase. Calibration seeding <br />trials were started during the 1978-79 winter season as a prologue to an <br />exploratory experiment. These calibration seeding trials, which continued <br />through 1979-80, he.l ped refi ne conceptual mode 1 s and the project des i gn, <br />identify necessary instrumentation, develop operational procedures for <br />seeding clouds, and gain practical, hands-on experience in the field. <br />Small-scale calibration seeding experiments were conducted in a region lying <br />approximately 15 km to either side of Interstate 80 between Truckee and Blue <br />Canyon, California (fig. 2-1). This area is located along the northern <br />boundary of the SCPP primary study area. Descriptions of field activities <br />and prel iminary analyses can be found in contractor reports by Rangno and <br />Hobbs (1977), Sutherland and Kidd (1978), Carley et al. (1979, 1980), Marwitz <br />et al. (1978), Henderson et al. (1979), Solak et al. (1980), and Rhea and <br />LeCompte (1979). <br /> <br />D. Analysis <br /> <br />Between 1976 and 1978, NAWC (North American Weather Consultants) developed <br />cloud-type conceptual models based on radar patterns. The models were ~ <br />subsequently refined by ETI (Electronic Techniques, Inc.) into a set of . <br />PET's (precipitation echo types), that included: AW (area-wide), 0 (stable <br /> <br />4 <br />
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