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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:33:58 PM
Creation date
3/5/2008 10:53:13 AM
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Weather Modification
Title
Summary of the NOAA/Utah Atmospheric Modification Program: 1990-1996
Date
9/1/1998
State
UT
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />. . <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />aircraft flights were suspended due to -severe turbulence and icing. The system therefore allows <br />measurements to be taken in a wider variety of storm situations, including those where cloud liquid is <br />primarily confined to regions below the minimum altitude allowed for aircraft terrain avoidance. <br /> <br />Several case studies were used to document the cross-barrier tendencies of SL W. Some cases revealed <br />marked temporal variability in the spatial distribution of liquid while others documented relatively steady- <br />state conditions over periods of several hours. Numerous individual cross-barrier profiles and the average <br />seasonal profile indicated that the maximum liquid depth occurred considerably upwind of the center of <br />the plateau. Comparisons of mobile and stationary radiometer data also proved very useful in verifying <br />this feature both temporally and spatially. Local topographic features, such as a minor valley and ridge on <br />top of the plateau, influenced cloud liquid development, but the general trend of liquid depth to decrease <br />from west to east was most likely due to removal by growing precipitation particles, the lack of vertical <br />motion over the plateau top and downward motion upwind of the eastern edge of the plateau due to a <br />westward tilted mountain wave. The removal by precipitation was supported by data that showed <br />_ seasonal precipitation maxima downwind of liquid maxima. The depletion of water across the top of the <br />plateau has. cloud seeding implications, in that a radiometer positioned on the windward slope or near the <br />west edge of the top will likely overestimate the supercooled water that is available for precipitation <br />augmentation by cloud seeding. The relatively infrequent number of observations across the plateau top <br />warrants further observations to verify the general decrease in cloud liquid. <br /> <br />With knowledge of cloud base height and temperature, the mobile radiometer measurements were found <br />to be useful in developing estimated vertical profiles of cloud liquid. The adiabatic assumption used will <br />not characterize the typical precipitating storm situation, but the average estimated cloud thicknesses <br />agreed relatively well with the "mean" conditions during one aircraft flight and with earlier lidar- <br />radiometer studies on another mountain barrier in Utah. The cloud seeding implications in both regions <br />were similar; supercooled liquid was often available, but the temperatures in the lower cloud layer were <br />generally warm compared to the activation temperature of the silver iodide compound used in Utah. The <br />profiles also demonstrated the need for cloud seeding aerosols to be delivered to liquid zones as far <br />upwind as possible to increase the probability of particle trajectories terminating on the plateau. _ <br /> <br />This study represents one application of the mobile radiometer platfonn. Additional work is planned for <br />the use of the data in verification of three-dimensional cloud model results for the Wasatch Plateau region <br />and more detailed water budget studies for this mountain barrier, using a two-radiometer method. <br /> <br />8.16. Super, A. B., 1995a: Case studies of microphysical responses to valley-released operational AgI <br />seeding of the Wasatch Plateau, Utah. J. Weather Modification, 27, 57-83. <br /> <br />ABSTRACT <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />An experimental field program was conducted on the Wasatch Plateau of central Utah in early 1991. <br />Objectives included monitoring of the transport and dispersion of valley-released silver iodide and <br />associated microphysical effects within the seeded clouds. Silver iodide ice nuclei were monitored by <br />acoustical ice nucleus counters in a truck, an aircraft and at a Plateau-top observatory. An aircraft- <br />mounted ice particle imaging probe was used to search for ice particle concentration differences between <br />the seeded cloud and crosswind, nonseeded cloud. Other instruments monitored wind, cloud liquid water <br />content, temperature and other parameters of interest. <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />61 <br /> <br />l <br />
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